1. Through language we can share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. 通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识和传承文化。 2、In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one.
实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别优秀演说和空洞演说的关键所在。
3. Hypothetical examples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience.
假设的例子描述想象中的情形，能够十分有效地将演说者的思想传达给听众。 4. Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to your audience. 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。
5. There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with PowerPoint, and speaking extemporaneously or impromptu.
演说的表达方式基本上有四种：通读手稿中的段落，复述背诵过的一段文章，幻灯片辅助的演说，即兴发挥的演说。
6. Energy supply, both industrial and traditional, is responsible for a striking share of the environmental impacts of human activity.
无论是工业还是传统形式的能源供应，在人类破坏环境的过程中均占有很大比重。 7. Of all environmental problems, the most threatening, and in many respects the most intractable, is global climate change.
在所有环境问题中，对人类威胁最大且在许多方面又最让人类无计可施的是全球气候变化。
8. The only other external cost that might match the devastating impact of global climate change is the risk of causing or aggravating large-scale military conflict.
其他唯一能够同全球气候变化所造成的灾难性影响相提并论的外化成本是引发并加剧大规模军事冲突的风险。
9. He’s the last guy you want to see in your rear-view mirror when you’re speeding down the highway.
他是你在高速公路上疾驰时最不愿意在后视镜里看见的人。
10. The full driving record of every licensed driver there was made available to
them, warts and all, giving the researchers a huge database of more than 10 million licensed drivers.
他们在那儿能看到每个有驾照的人的全部记录，这样他们就有了一个良莠俱存的超过一千万个持照司机的巨大数据库。
11. “What we found was that there were fewer tickets in the month before a fatal accident than there were a year before, and that suggests there’s a protective effect of having a ticket.”
“我们发现出严重事故前一个月的罚单要比前一年同一个月的罚单少，这说明罚单有保护作用。”
12. They also found that the “relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among subgroups of licensed drivers,” ... 他们还发现“在有驾照的那组司机中拿到罚单后的事故减少率的持续性是显著的，”……
13.The researchers also addressed the commonly held belief that traffic citations cause more accidents than they prevent because so many people are killed during police chases.
研究者们还澄清了一种普遍的看法：交通罚单引起的交通事故比防止的多，因为很多人是在警察追他们时丧生的。
14.The labeling of “women’s language” as “powerless language” reflects the view of women’s behavior through the lens of men’s.
视“女性的语言”为“低微无能者的语言”反映出男性看女性行为的角度。
15. This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women’s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless.
这种歧义的存在解释了为什么专家和非专家常常把女性以友善语言表述出来的思维方式曲解为无能的表现。
16. Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief comment in a newspaper article.
一篇报刊文章里的简评最能清楚地让我们看到这种固有歧义的存在。
17. Whether women or men are direct or indirect differs; what remains constant is that the women’s style is negatively valuated– seen as lower in status than the men’s.
关于男性或女性谁直接谁间接在不同地域有不同情况 ，不变的是女性风格总被人贬低，其地位被视为低于男性。
18. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data in two separate papers– which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature – the jig was up.
当一位同事发现同一个数据图表出现在两篇不同的论文中---而且恰恰分别出现在世界上两家最为知名的科学期刊《科学》与《自然》杂志上时---把戏被戳穿了。 19. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance.
科学丑闻与科学本身的发展亦步亦趋，并且往往逃不了狂妄自恃、必遭罪有应得的现世报的规律。
20. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer review,in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. 《科学》杂志是建立在诚信制度之上的；同行评审的办法，即由同一领域专家对论文原稿进行评审的方法，并非旨在抓骗子。
21. Publication in specialized journals will win the accolades of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
在专业期刊上发表论文赢得学术界的赞誉，也可以满足“不发表就完蛋”的迫切需要。但是，在《科学》和《自然》杂志上发表论文还会带来额外的好处，那就是你的发表的论文可能会被《纽约时报》及其他报刊报道。
22. It also no doubt reflects the increasing and sometimes excessive emphasis amongst funding agencies and governments on publication measures, such as the typical ratesof citation of journals.
这同时无疑也反映了资助机构和政府日益强调甚而有时过分强调论文发表的标准，如各期刊的具有代表性的引用率之类。
23. Political decisions, such as the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the Government of Canada, will undoubtedly impact how, and at what price, we consume fossil fuels.
政治上的决策，如加拿大政府批准《京都议定书》，无疑会影响我们消费化石燃料的方式和价格。
24. But as the world’s thirst for oil increases, particularly from emerging economies such as China, it is questionable if known resources can meet additional demand, which will lead to increased pricing.
但是由于全世界对石油需求强劲，特别是一些新兴的经济体－－如中国－－更是
如此，已探明的资源能否满足新增的需求还是个未知数，而这也将会推动油价进一步上涨。
25. The intent of these meetings was to explain the current energy situation in Prince Edward Island and seek input as to how the province should incorporate renewable sources into the future energy mix.
举办这些咨询会的初衷就是向公众说明爱德华王子岛的能源现状以及就如何将可再生资源纳入未来的能源组合听取公众意见。
26. Participants at last year’s public consultation sessions were informed that Prince Edward Island is the only province in Canada without substantial resources of hydroelectric power, fossil fuels or nuclear energy.
去年公众咨询会的参与者在会上获悉：爱德华王子岛是加拿大唯一一个缺乏实质性能源的省份，既无水电资源，也无化石燃料，更无核能。
1、当你发表学术演讲时，首先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲的主要观点要明确，层次要清楚。演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地进行你的演讲。
Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it.Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time. you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand. you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
2、以上各种因素究竟如何影响能源供应的资金成本难以量化，部分原因是许多非环境因素实际上同环境因素互相交织在一起。比如，造成工程施工延误的原因，不但有管理上的限制，而且有工程、管理以及质量监控等方面的问题。然而在美国，过去20年中由于环境影响，石油产品供应的资金成本至少上升了25%,而火电和核电生产的资金成本则上升了 40%,甚至更多。
It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. For example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineering, management and quality control. Nevertheless, in the US environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.