直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习巩固
直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习巩固
一、直接引语和间接引语的意义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。
二、直接引语改为间接引语时连词的使用：
1、直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语的连词用that，that可以省略。如：
“I have lived in the south for years,” Mrs Duncan said.
→Mrs Duncan told me (that) she had lived in the south for years. Duncan夫人说她在南方住了许多年。 “I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said. →She said (that) she would tell him exactly what she thought.她说她将会告诉他她所想的。
2、直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语的连词用if / whether。如：
He said，“Are you interested in English?”
→He asked (me) if I was interested in English.他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
He said，“Did you see him last night?”→He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.他问我头天晚上是否见到了他。
3、直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语的连词用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词如when，where，who，why，how，how many，how old等等。如：
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→He asked me what I wanted.他问我想要什么。
“How can we improve the condition of the soil?” the farmers asked him.
→The farmers asked him how they could improve the condition of the soil.农民们询问他如何才能提高土壤的质量。
4、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的宾语补足语。如： She said to us，“Please sit down. ” →She asked us to sit down.
He said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys. ”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
“Please explain why you’re two and a half hours late,” the boss said.
→The boss asked him to explainwhy he was two and a half hours late.
“Don’t give up!” Father shouted at him.
→Father told him in a loud voice not to give up. “Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students.
→The teacher ordered the students to geteverything ready in half an hour.
〖注〗主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say说； tell sb.告诉某人；ask问/请求；suggest建议；order命令等等。
四、时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。其规律见下表：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 一般过去将来时
过去完成进行
一般将来时
现在完成进行时
时
过去完成时
一般过去时
如：She’s preparing her lessons,” I said. →I said that she was preparing her lessons. I said to them，“He’ll get excited. ” →I told them that he would get excited.
He said to me，“Jane spent all her time doing that. ”
→He told me that Jane had spent all her time doing that. 例外：
1、直接引语如果有表示具体过去时间的时间状语（如in 1992,last week）等，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如： My father said to me，“I read the book in 1986. ” →My father told me he read the book in 1986.
2、直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。如： The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun.”
→The geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.
五、间接引语中人称代词的变化：要根据句子的意义作相应的变动。其规律是：一主二宾三不变，即第一人称代词指的是句子的主语；第二人称代词指的是句子的宾语；第三人称代词不用变化。如：
“I haven’t brought my dictionary. ” the student said.
→The student said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.
六、指示代词、时间、地点状语的变化：通常总是由近指改为远指。其规律见下表：