分类号
单位代码
密 级
学 号
学生毕业论文(设计)
题目 浅析存货计价方法对企业的影响
作者
指 导 教 师 专业技术职称 学科(专业) 财务会计 答 辩 日 期
年 月 日
摘要
存货是企业的一项很重要的资产。发出存货计价方法选择, 对于企业的经营成果和财务状况都有直接的影响。在企业生产经营过程中,存货始终处于流动状态,原有的存货不断发出,新的存货又不断取得,随时间的推移,相同存货的价格或单位生产成本可能会有明显的差异,发出存货按照什么时间的购买价格或生产成本计价就成为会计上必须解决的一个问题。
不同的存货计价方法产生的结果将有所不同。因此,企业在选择发出存货计价方法时,要根据企业的经营规模、管理状况慎重地比较各种方法的利弊,权衡国家、企业、职工、债权人以及股东等各方面的利益关系。对企业来说,选择什么样的存货计价方法最好,最有利于企业,是由企业经营的存货的类型决定,存货在流动资产中占有很大比例,合理地选择存货的计价方法对企业的经营成果等方面有着重要影响。“适合自己的才是最好的”。所以,从全面考虑,扬长避短,企业应该结合自身特点选择最合适的计价方法。
本文主要在会计准则下探讨个别计价法、先进先出法、月末加权平均法、移动加权平均法4种方法的在企业中的运用。 关键字:存货;计价方法;对企业;影响
ABSTRACT
Inventory is a very important business asset. Issuing stock
options valuation method for company's operating results and financial position have a direct impact. The enterprise production and management process, the inventory is always in flux, the original stock was issued with a new inventory has been acquired, over time, the same stock price or unit production costs may be significant differences, issued stock in accordance with What time of the purchase price or production cost accounting pricing has become an issue must be resolved.
Inventory valuation methods produce different results will be different. Therefore, companies choose to issue stock valuation method, based on the scale of operation of enterprises, management conditions carefully compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, weighing the state, enterprises, employees, creditors and shareholders and other fields of interests. For businesses, choose what kind of inventory valuation methods best and most conducive to business is determined by the type of stock business decision, inventories a large proportion of current assets, reasonable inventory valuation methods to choose the right business operating results and so have a major impact. \consideration, and avoid weaknesses, companies should integrate their own characteristics to choose the most appropriate method of valuation. In this paper, under the accounting standards of the individual valuation method, FIFO method, the end of the weighted average method, moving weighted average method four kinds of methods used in the enterprise. Keywords: Inventory; valuation method; right enterprise; impact
目录 摘要··················································1 第1章 引言············································1 1.1研究背景·········································1 1.2研究目的及意义·····································1 1.2.研究目的········································1 1.2.研究意义········································1 第2章 存货的计价方法理论···································2 2.1存货的计价依据····································2 2.1.1企业存货流转假设·································3 2.2选择存货计价的标准·································4 2.3企业存货计价方法的基本内涵及分类·····················4 第3章 实例运用···········································5 3.1西安奥维科工贸发展有限责任公司简介·······················5 3.1.1西安奥维科工贸发展有限责任公司存货计价方法的选择及存在的问题·····················…………………………·················6 第4章存货计价方法对企业的影响…………………………··············7 4.1企业资产负债表有关项目数额的影响。………………………………·7 4.2 对管理人员业绩的影响…………………………………………………7 4.3对企业价值的影响………………………………………………………·7 4.4对本期利润的影响………………………………………………………·7
4.5对纳税和现金流量的影响……………………………………………·…8 4.6对企业经营成果的影响……………………………………………·……8 小结····················································9 参考文献················································10 致谢····················································11
第一章、引言
1.1研究背景:
存货是企业一项很重要的资产, 它在大多数企业流动资产总额中占有较大的比重, 而且处于不断购买、耗用和销售之中, 因而存货数量及价值的确认至关重要。每个企业的根本目标就是:利润最大化。然而,一个企业要创造更多的利润,首先对存货的管理是很重要的,这是值得每个企业关注的,良好的存货管理可以更大地降低成本,从而提高利润增长的空间。在存货管理中,存货计价方法的选择就显得更为重要。企业选择哪种方法取决于企业经营存货的特点和财产物资的盘存制度。在分析企业 ――中铁延惠有限责任公司存货管理的方面,我关注了一下他们企业所采用的计价方法及对他们的存货管理方面存在问题,并提出了一些改进的方法和建议。
1.2研究目的及意义 1.2.1研究目的
本文在于系统阐述企业在实际存货管理中所使用的存货计价方法,使企业根据自身经营的产品的特点,并通过相互比较,合理的选择存货的计价方法,以指导实践中企业存货管理的顺利进行。尤其,发出存货计价方法的不同,对企业财务状况、经营成果、企业价值、纳税和现金流量、管理人员业绩、会产生不同的影响,所以适合企业的存货计价方法才是最好的存货计价方法,企业才会从中受益。本研究无论在理论上还是在实践中,都有较高的价值。
1.2.2研究意义
(1)促使企业选择合适的存货计价方法,提高企业存货管理水平,同时,使企业价值达到最大化;
(2)通过对几种计价方法的分析、比较,使自己更加清晰地认识到各种计价方法的优缺点,以及存货计价方法对企业价值、所得税和现金流量、管理人员业