Unit 8 英语的五种基本句型
句型一:主+系+表 谓语动词是系动词。句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。
This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好. 英文中最常见的系动词的be动词。 其他系动词还有: look(看起来是) sound(听起来是) taste(尝起来是) feel(摸起来是) appear(似乎是) bacome(变为) keep(保持者) remain(仍然是) 做表语的词通常是名词和形容词。
句型二: 主+谓(不及物: 不加宾语的动词)
句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等。如我走,我听,我看。
1. Spring comes. 春天来了。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
句型三: 主+谓+宾
此句型如我吃饭,猫抓鱼。这类动词叫做及物动词. 1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.
句型四: 主+谓+双宾(间宾+直宾)
谓语动词是双宾动词.动词后面的成分有“人”,也有“物。”.
常见的双宾语动词 award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell,bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write,answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare
“人”表示动作的接受者,是直接宾语,“物”表示动作的承受者,是间接宾语。
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. =She ordered a new dress for herself.她给自己定了一套新衣裳.注:本句中,直接宾语为a new dress, 间接宾语为 herself 2. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.
句型五: 主+谓+复合宾语(宾+宾补) 谓语动词是宾补动词,
注:宾补,全称宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语。宾语补足语也有许多形式,如名词,不定式,形容词以及副词、介词短语等.此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.
1. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色.(green,表明门的性质)
2. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住.(deserted,表明房子的状态)
区分句型四和句型五的方法很简单,在宾语后面加上be动词,若能构成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语。
I made John our chairman. I made john a cale.
smell(闻起来是) seem(似乎是) turn(转变为) 等...
中学英语语法:A.带to的不定式作宾补
a.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,beg, get,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise, warn等。例如:
The teacher asked us to finish our homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 She wanted him to sing for her friends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
b.在动词think,believe,know,find, understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“to be +adj.”构成。例如:
They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。 He believed the earth to be a globe.他相信大地是个球体。 c.在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有:wait for,call on,depend on,care for,long for等。例如:
The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again.鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。 The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak.主席请布朗先生讲话。 I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor.我不要那人给我看病。 B.不带to的不定式作宾补
动词不定式在使役动词(make,let, have)或感官动词(feel,listen to,hear, look at,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。为了便于记忆,我们可以这样记“一感”(feel)、“二听”(listen, hear)、“三让”(let,make,have)、“四看”(look at,see,watch,notice)。例如: Ifeltsomeone open my door.我感觉有人开了我的门。
Please listen to me sing the songagain.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。 You can't letthe boy stand in the sun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。
You must watch me carefully do everything.你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。
注意:感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补,也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是:前者强调动作的全过程或经常性;后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较: I heard her sing.我听见她唱了歌。 I heard her singing.我听见她在唱歌。 C.带to或不带to的不定式作宾补
在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补,也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。例如: He often helps me(to)clean the room.他经常帮助我打扫房间。 We helped him(to)mend his bike.我们帮他补自行车胎。 [巩固训练]中考题
1.I told Bob ____ the TV since it was too late.
A.turn off B.turns off C.turning off D.to turn off(2001陕西)
2.My parents asked me ____ home earlier yesterday.
A.get B.getting C.to get D.got(2000北京朝阳区)
3.The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor hero ____ twice a day.
A.dance B.dances C.danced D.to dance(2001上海)
4.—Is Wei Fang good at singing?
—Yes,she is.We often hear ____ her in the next room.
A.to sing B.sings C.sing D.singing(2001苏州)
(Keys:1—4 DCAC)
接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事