一、并列句的构成：
并列句是由并列连词and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。 二、并列句的分类：
1. 表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：
He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。 2. 表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如：
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。
School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。 He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。 It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。 3. 表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。 or有两重含义：
(1)“或者”，表示选择。例如：
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。 (2)“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如：
You must tell the truth，or you will be punished．你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。 4. 表示因果关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。
(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两
简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。 例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如：
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead．李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。
I had a headache，so（或and so）I went to bed．（我头痛，所以就上床睡觉了。） She must be near-sighted，for she wears glasses．（她一定是近视眼，因为她戴着眼镜。） so和and so同义，表示因果关系。for表示上下句之间的因果关系时，指逻辑推理的理由或为前一句提供解释。
还应该指出的是，某些副词也可表示两个思想之间的关系。但要注意，因为它们不是并列连词，所以不能把两个分句连起来。它们只能用在第二个句子里。可位于句首，句中或句末。在第一个句子末尾常用分号或句号。如： Zhou Lan studied hard；therefore（或 thus），she passed the entrance examination．
或：Zhou Lan studied hard；she，therefore（或thus），passed the entrance examination． 或：Zhou Lan studied hard．Therefore（或 Thus），she passed the entrance examination．（周兰学习很用功，因此，她通过了入学考试。） therefore与thus意为“因此；所以”，表示因果关系，与它们同义的还有hence，accordingly等。
5. 其他形式的并列句
(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。例如：
Use your head, and you will find away．动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如：
Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others．努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。 (3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”，例如：
Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。 习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it. (4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”，例如：
not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。
(5) “neither…nor…”结构，意为“既不……也不……”，“两者都不……”，用法与either …or…,not only …but also…相同。 三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如： We fished all day; we didn\\'t catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如： My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作，母亲在学校工作。 3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如： He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。 Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。
① I hope you don\\'t mind me asking, ________ where did you buy those shoes? A. so B. and C. yet D. but
② There are many kinds of sports, ________ my favorite is swimming. A. as B. then C. so D. but 答案:① D ② D 2. yet (但是;尽管如此)
可连接两个句子,用逗号分开,也可在yet前加and,还可以放在一个句子的句首。例如: The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了,但车况很好。
He\\'s pleasant enough, and yet I don\\'t like him. 他人很好,但我却不喜欢他。 3. while (而,但是,可是,却)
while作连词用时,可表示对比或转折关系。
① I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as
② She thought I was talking about her daughter, ________ in fact, I was talking about my
daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while 答案:① B ② D 二、 考查表示因果关系的并列连词 1. for (因为)
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。
I did my best not to show pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure happiness, for my words had the power to make people laugh. (NMET2004完形填空) 2. so (因此)
可以连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开;也可在so前加and;还可以放在一个句子的句首。 The shop doesn\\'t open until 11 a.m.,________ it loses a lot of business. A. for B. or C. but D. so 答案:D 三、 考查表示选择关系的连词or
or连接并列成分时,意为\\\或者,还是\\\用于否定句中,意为\\\也不\\\这时不宜用and;还有\\\否则,要不然\\\之意,相当于otherwise。
Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 答案:C 四、考查表示并列关系的并列连词 1. and (和,同,与,又,并且)
Stand over there ________ you\\'ll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C. but D. and 答案:D 2. not only... but also...(不仅......而且)
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案:B 3. neither... nor... (既不......也不)
They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他们工作一不为名,二不为利。 4. both... and... (既......又)
A man should have both courage and wisdom. 人既要有勇气又要有智慧。 五、考查其他并列连词 1. not... but... (不是......而是)
It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being. 这不是一只动物的骨头,而是人的骨头。 2. rather than(而不是;与其......宁愿) [原题再现]
Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 答案:C
3. when(正当那时,相当于and at that time)
Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ________ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once答案:A 并列句单项选择练习
1.__________many times,but he still couldn't understand it.
A.Having been old B.Though he had been told C.He was told D.Having told
2.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but__________didn't help. A.he B.which C.she D.it
3.__________,so Mary was very sad.
A.Her mother was very ill B.Her mother being ill C.Her mother's being ill D.Because her mother was ill
4.-Sugar__________milk.-Only milk,please,__________I used to like sugar. A.and;and B.and;but C.or;and D.or;but
5.It must have rained last night,__________the road is wet. A.while B.or C.for D.because
6.Hurry up,__________we'll miss the train. A.and B.but C.for D.or
7.I wrote a letter,__________I forgot to mail it. A.for B.but C.or D.while
8.Please__________come in or go out,don't stand there in the doorway. A.neither B.and C.for D.either
9.Why was Edison not able to hatch chickens__________the hen could. A.while B.when C.because D.unless
10.The teacher came in,__________the students stood up and said,\A.while B.and C.but D.for
11.__________on the mirror,and you'll find little drops of water on the glass. A.Blowing B.To blow C.Blow D.If you blow
12.-I don't like singing__________dancing,what about you. -I don't like dancing,__________I like singing songs. A.and;and B.and;but C.or;but D.or;and
13.Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and__________,it is our duty to master it.
A.altogether B.therefore C.otherwise D.however 14.One more word,__________I'll knock you flat. A.so B.and C.but D.therefore
15.The car is quite old;__________,there is nothing wrong with it. A.but B.yet C.however D.therefore
16.I liked this play very much,__________my mother said it was uninteresting. A.and B.for C.so D.but
17.-My shirt is torn.-__________me a needle and thread,and I'll mend it for you. A.If you bring B.If you had brought C.Should you bring D.Bring
18.__________to the top of the hill,and you can see the whole of the town. A.To get B.Get C.Getting D.Having got
19.Spring is coming;__________gets warmer and warmer,and trees turn green. A.that B.it C.which D.as it
20.Jack passed all his examinations;__________pleased his parents. A.who B.it C.which D.all of which 参考答案及详解
1.and 2.Not only;but also 3.however 4.Neither;nor 5.while 6.or 7.so 8.for 9.Either;or 10.yet 11.but 12.but;and 13.therefore 14.for 15.(but) still 16.while 17.and 18.but 19.for 20.or 21.while/but 22.however 23.nor 24.yet/but 25.or/otherwise 26.and 27.so/and 28.when 参考答案及详解
1.C。该句为but引导的并列句。此题若去掉but,则A、B项皆正确。 2.D 3.A。该句为so引导的并列句。
4.B。根据答语“Only milk,please”可知对方是问“糖和牛奶你都要吗? ”。
5.C。从路是湿的来推测,昨晚一定下雨了。用because是错的,因为because从句是不能引起下雨的直接原因。
6.D 7.B 8.D。either...or...,要么??,要么?? 9.A 10.B。and 连接两个分句,表示两个连接的动作。 11.C。属于“祈使句+and+主谓结构”。12.C 13.B
14.B。名词词组+and...相当于一个条件句+and...,其句意:如果再说句话,我就会把你打倒。 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.B
19.B 20.B。并列句也可以用分号来连接。19、20题就是并列句,所以都选用it。
1. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, he can't understand the instructions on the bottle Of the pills. （2003年河北省中考题） A. so B. or C. but D. for 2. —Can you play football?
—Yes, I can,I can't play very well. （2003年北京市海淀区中考题） A. or B. and C. so D. but
3. The war was over about three months ago, _____the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. （2003年上海市中考题） A. or B. and C. but D. so
4. You must work hard, _____ you will fall behind. （2003年黑龙江省中考题） A. and B. but C. so D. or
5. Take exercise every day, ____ you will become stronger and stronger. （2003年河南省中考题） A. or B. and C. but D. while
6. Work hard, you're sure to be successful in this exam.（2005 西宁） A. and B. or C. but D. so
7. — Will you come on Monday or Tuesday?
— I'm afraid day is possible. I'll be busy next week. （2005 青海）