Ⅰ.
1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D 11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D
Ⅱ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j Ⅲ.
31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the
Stoics.
33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity. 34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.
35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three
classes:clergy,lords and peasants.
36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain
pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. 37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.
38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. 39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures. 40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian. IV
41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but
by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.
42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the
collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon. 43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,
whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time. 44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island
of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. V. 45.
The answer as follows:
1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the
forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.
2. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be
blended with is as in Scholasticism.
3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular
facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific. 4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural
world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.