非谓语
一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：
另外，常见的还有：
1、情态动词（除ought 外）后的to已省略。 例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。
2、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。
例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。
注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。
例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/had best后的to省略。
例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。
4、 why…/why not…句型中not后to省略。例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight? 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。
5、 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：
6、如果在feel，know，observe，see后面跟的不定式是be，则to不可省略。例： We all felt that to be the highest praise． We know him to be brave．
The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman\'s desire for profits．
Now I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning．
应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。
7、由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：例：He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。
8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。 例： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。
9、but作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
10、不定式做表语时，一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。
例 we’ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.
It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。
例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。 再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。
1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on
2. I\'m hungry. Get me something __________. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner _________ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters __________, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult __________.
a.to repair b.to be repaired c.repairing d.being repaired 6. He was nowhere __________. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work __________. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done
动名词复合结构的一般构成：
1）名词的所有格形式＋动名词（或动名词短语） 2）形容词性的物主代词＋动名词（或动名词短语）
如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词＋动名词（或动名词短语）或者宾格代词＋动名词（或动名词短语）动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行
者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window? (比较：Would you mind closing the window?) Bob′s being absent made his teacher very angry.
No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed.
动词—ing的独立结构：
不定式和动名词作主语的区别：
(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。（具体） (3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
(4）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。 Collecting information about children\'s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：