Questions 1- 5
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs A-F. Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-ix) on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
List of headings
基础英语(2004年)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Questions 6- 9
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, answer the following questions. Write your answers for 6-9 on your answer sheet.
6. Who is cooperating to stave off another Asian financial crisis?
7. According to the author, what do the changes in the region‘s economies NOT do?
8. Which country is an exception to the region‘s slow economic growth?
9. When was the last most serious worldwide economic slowdown?
Questions 10- 14
Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 1? Write your answers for 10-14 on your answer sheet.
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
10. The changes in the region‘s economies will accelerate their growth.
11. Pegged exchange rates are a danger to Thailand and Malaysia.
12. Most of the regional economies allow their exchange rates to float freely.
13. To survive the global economic slump, the region must export more than imports.
14. Central bank governors are optimistic about the region‘s economic future.
READING PASSAGE 2
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS
Part A
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is important to understand the consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis (PVA). This is a tool for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over a specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Disappearance of hot money Changes in the region‘s economies The role of the US dollar The region‘s weak spots The importance of currency reserves Swap arrangements The need for flexible exchange rates Expanding domestic demand The Philippines‘ economic problems
基础英语(2004年)
assist wildlife management in Australia‘s forests.
A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance in the extinction process. To make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four broad categories which are discussed below.
Part B
A. Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty. Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance. Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year. Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinction even if, on average, the population size should increase. Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account. Extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B. Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding. This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex. For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male. For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce. Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C. Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts. Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases. The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.
D. Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered. Australia‘s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year. These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species. Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level. When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to several thousand.