年产30万吨丙烯腈工厂初步设计
摘 要
丙烯腈是石油化学工业的重要产品，是合成聚丙烯腈纤维，丁腈橡胶和合成塑料的重要单体。本文采用的是原料来源丰富、操作简单的丙烯氨氧化法生产丙烯腈。通过对从原料的处理到丙烯腈的合成工段的主要单元进行物料和热量衡算，对空气加热器、丙烯蒸发器、氨蒸发器的工艺计算，算出了部分设备的换热面积，完成了对丙烯腈合成工段的初步设计。
关键词 丙烯腈；丙烯氨氧化法；生产；设计
ABSTRACT
Acrylonitrile is an important product for the petrochemical industry, synthetic acrylic fiber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and synthetic plastics important monomers. This article is a rich source of raw materials, production of ammonia oxidation of propylene nitride. From raw materials handling to the synthesis of acrylonitrile unit's main unit for material and energy balance, air heaters, propylene evaporator, ammonia evaporator process calculation, worked out some of the equipment of the heat transfer area, completed the preliminary design of the raw material process.
Key words acrylonitrile; propylene ammonia oxidation；production；design
目 录
1 丙烯腈的概论 .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 丙烯系产品的生产 ................................................................................. 1 1.2 丙烯氨氧化生产丙烯腈 ......................................................................... 2
1.2.1 丙烯腈的性质和用途 .................................................................. 2 1.2.2 丙烯腈的生产方法 ...................................................................... 3 1.2.3 反应原理 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.4 操作条件 ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.5 工艺流程 ...................................................................................... 6 1.2.6 典型设备－流化床反应器 .......................................................... 8
2 总体方案工艺设计 .......................................................................................... 9
2.1 设计任务 ................................................................................................. 9 2.2 流程确定 ............................................................................................... 10 3 工艺设计计算 ................................................................................................ 11
3.1 物料衡算与热量衡算 ........................................................................... 11
3.1.1 反应器的物料衡算和热量衡算................................................. 11 3.1.2 废热锅炉的物料衡算和热量衡算 ............................................. 14 3.1.3 空气饱和塔物料衡算和热量衡算 ............................................. 15 3.1.4 氨中和塔物料衡算和热量衡算................................................. 18 3.1.5 换热器物料衡算和热量衡算 .................................................... 21 3.1.6 水吸收塔物料衡算和热量衡算................................................. 22 3.1.7 空气水饱和塔釜液槽 ................................................................ 23 3.1.8 丙烯蒸发器热量衡算 ................................................................ 24 3.1.9 丙烯过滤器热量衡算 ................................................................ 25 3.1.10 氨蒸发器热量衡算 .................................................................. 25 3.1.11 气氨过热器 .............................................................................. 25 3.1.12 混合器 ...................................................................................... 26 3.1.13 空气加热器的热量衡算 .......................................................... 27 3.2 主要设备的工艺计算 ........................................................................... 27
3.2.1 流化床合成反应器 .................................................................... 27
3.2.2 空气饱和塔 ................................................................................ 29 3.2.3 丙烯蒸发器 ................................................................................ 32
4 车间布置设计 ................................................................................................ 34
4.1 厂房建筑 ............................................................................................... 34 4.2 生产操作 ............................................................................................... 34 4.3 设备装修 ............................................................................................... 34 4.4 安全要求 ............................................................................................... 35 4.5 车间布置说明 ....................................................................................... 35 5 环境保护和安全措施要求 ............................................................................ 36
5.1 丙烯腈生产中的三废处理 ................................................................... 36 5.2 生产安全及防护措施 ........................................................................... 36 6 结论 ................................................................................................................ 38 参考文献 .............................................................................................................. 40 致 谢 .................................................................................................................. 40 附 录 .................................................................................................................. 41