模块二：虚拟语气
1、 虚拟语气的三大范围： （1）、表达的假设与事实相反； （2）、表达的是异想天开、几乎无法实现的愿望； （3）、表示的是建议、命令、要求、请求等语气。
考点一：If条件语句中的虚拟语气 相反的时间 与现在时刻相反 与过去时刻相反 与将来时刻相反 IF从句 Did（were） Had done Were + to do Should + do did (were) 结果主句 Would、should、could、might + do Would、should、could、might + have done Would、should、could、might + do 注意：1、要先判断一个句子是真实条件句还是虚拟语气，不要看到if就认为是虚拟语气。
2、在虚拟语气中不用was，用were
3、有的时候一个句子中将 were、had、should等置于句首而省略IF，这时主谓要部分倒装。
Eg. Were you in my position, what would you do?(与现在事实相反) 原句：if you were in my position, what would you do?
Had he taken your advice, he would have passed the exam.(与过去事实相反)
原句：If he had taken your advice, he would have passed the exam.
Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.(与将来事实相
反)
原句：If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
考点二：在表示“建议、命令、要求、请求等语气的词语后的that 从句中用 should +do should 可以省略
常考的词有：suggest order demand insist propose request require necessary Eg. She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
The workers demanded that theirs wages be raised by 10 percent.
注：有的词由于有多重意义，我们通常称之为词妖：
尤其要注意的有：（1）、suggest： 1、建议，that 从句后用虚拟语气； 2、暗示 that 从句后不用虚拟语气。 （2）、propose： 1、建议，that 从句后用虚拟语气； 2、求婚 that 从句后不用虚拟语气。 （3）、insist 1、坚持要求that 从句后用虚拟语气； 2、坚持认为（词组 insist on）that 从句后不用虚拟语气。
（4）、ask 1、ask sb to do sth 2、ask sb sth
3、ask that +（should）+do
Eg. His attitude suggests that he isn't really interested.（这里suggest表示
“暗示”的意思）
考点三： 三大“以防”：lest for fear that in case 在这三个词所引导的从句中 主句用
should + do 注意should 不可以省略。
Eg. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they should be
attacked by wild animals.
考点四：五大结构
1、 It is (about/ high) time that + did/were (过去时) 是该做……事情的时候了。 Eg. It’s time you were in bed.
2、 I wise
3、 I would rather / would sooner / would prefer / just as soon 4、 If only （要是……就好了） 5、 As if / as though (仿佛)
二到四的结构出现时遵循以下法则：
与现在/ 将来事实相反主句用did / were 结构； 与过去事实相反主句用 had done 结构。
考点五：含蓄虚拟
1、 But for 、without （要不是） 2、 Otherwise、or （否则）
Eg. But for air and water, nothing could live on the earth. Without the sun, there would be no life.
He reminded me of it, otherwise I should have forgotten. I am married, or I would give all my love to her.
要不是我已经结了婚，否则我会全心全意的爱她 (男人啊！！怎么能这样。。。)
考点六：情态动词 + have done 结构
1、 表示与过去事实相反：
（1）、should（ought to）+ have done 过去本应该做（但没做） （2）、shouldn’t (ought not to) + have done 过去本不应该做（但做了） （3）、would + have done 过去本要做（但没做） （4）、could + have done 过去本能做（但没做） （5）、might + have done 过去本可能会发生（但没发生） （6）、need + have done 过去本需要做（但没做） （7）、needn’t + have done 过去本不需要做（但做了）
2、表示对过去的推测
must——could——may——might + have done 表示推测；
注：在否定式中mustn’t表示禁止，所以用：can’t/ couldn’t + have done Eg. Tom must be an engineer.
Tom can’t be an engineer. Tom may be an engineer.
Tom must have been an engineer. Tom can’t have been an engineer.
Tom may have been an engineer.
Tom must be watching TV.
Tom can’t be watching TV.
Tom may be watching TV.
Tom must have been watching TV. Tom can’t have been watching TV. Tom may have been watching TV.
专升本真题：
1、The computer doesn’t work well, so something ____________ wrong
A. can have gong B. should have gone C. must have gone D. ought to have gong
考点：should (ought to) have done 过去本应该做但没做
shouldn’t(ought not to) have done 过去本不应该做但做了 Would have done 过去本要做但没做 Could have done 过去本能做但没做 Might have done 过去本可能做但没做 Need have done 过去本需要做但没做 Needn’t have done 过去本不需要做但做了 must/could/may/might have done 对于过去肯定的猜测
Can’t/couldn’t have done 对于过去否定的猜测 故答案选C
2、 You ______ if you had had higher score in the examination.
A. must have got scholarship B. would have got scholarship C. should get scholarship D. had got scholarship
考点：本题考查if条件句中的虚拟语气， 在if引导的条件句中 出现had done的形式得知是与过去相反，主句应用Would、should、could、might + have done的形式，答案选：B
3、 I’m for the suggestion that a special board ________ to examine the problem.
A. be set up B. will be set up C. must be set up D. has to be set up
考点：本题考查suggestion形式的虚拟语气，这里suggestion是“建议”的意思，在表示“建议、命令、要求、请求等语气的词语后的that 从句中用 should +do should 可以省略。答案选：A
4、 He demanded that I ________ the bill Friday at the least.
A. must pay B. pay C. paid D. to paid
考点：本题考查demanded形式的虚拟语气，这里demanded是“要求”的意思，在表示“建议、命令、要求、请求等语气的词语后的that 从句中用 should +do should 可以省略。故选 B
5、 It is necessary that the meeting _________ at once.
A. began B. begin C. begins D. will begin
考点：necessary 表示“需要” 用 （should） + do 选：B
6、 You ______ me about his illness yesterday.
A. must tell B. had told C. ought to tell D. should have told
考点：情态动词 + have done 结构 表示与过去事实相反 should have done过去本应该做但没做 选D
7、 You _________ me because I didn’t say that.
A. must have misunderstood B. must misunderstand C. must be understand D. had to misunderstand
考点：情态动词 + have done 结构，表示对过去的推测 must have done 选A.
8、 It_______ have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
A. will B. can C. should D. must
考点：must have done 表示对于过去发生事情的肯定推测，选D
9、 It was recommended that we _________ the job as soon as possible.
A. does B. do C. would do D. must do
考点：在表示“建议、命令、要求、请求等语气的词语后的that 从句中用 should +do should 可以省略recommended表示“推荐” 故选 B
10、 How I wish I ________ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn’t tired C. didn’t try D. have tired
考点：五大结构中 I wise 与现在/ 将来事实相反主句用did / were 结构；与过去事实相反主句用 had done 结构。题中I only made it worse 得知该动作已经发生了，所以是过去的在AB 中选，由于手表比以前更糟了，所以希望过去没有去修手表。故选B。
11、 He might have been killed _________ the arrival of the police.
A. except for B. with C. but for D. for
考点：含蓄虚拟 but for 要不是。选 C
12、He’s very busy yesterday. Otherwise he ________ to the party.
A. would come B. should come C. came D. would
have come
考点：含蓄虚拟 otherwise 是引导词 由yesterday 得知是过去的 所以用Would、should、could、might + have done的形式。选D。
13、There is half an hour to go. You _____ come too early.
A. might not B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
考点：本题考查，情态动词+do 表示与现在事实相反，注意与情态动词+ have done 比
较，一个是现在一个是过去。needn’t do 本不必做但做了。选 D
14、I’m not surprised you failed the exam. You _____ have worked harder.
A. should B. must C. would D.ought 考点：should +have done 过去本应该做但没做。选A
15、The company requires that every staff member ________ able to use a computer.
A. is B. will be C. would be D. be
考点：在表示“建议、命令、要求、请求等语气的词语后的that 从句中用 should +do should 可以省略；require“要求” 选D.
16、But for your help, I______ the work ahead of time.
A. wouldn’t have finished B. didn’t finish C. hadn’t finished D.
wouldn’t finish
考点：由But for 得知考的是含蓄虚拟，“要不是你的帮助，我不会提前完成工作”所以，可以判断这个帮助时过去的帮助，所以结果主句用wouldn’t have finished的形式。选A.
强化练习
17、I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, but I ________ fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 考点：本题很容易误选B项，通过would have gone 很多人会误以为是虚拟语气，但是仔细分析得知前半句“我本想去医院看他”本想去但没有去的确是虚拟语气，但后半句说“我上个星期很忙”是事实，所以是真实条件句，由于是last week 所以用过去时。选D。
18、_______ he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t told him the truth.
A. Did I know B. Had I known C. If I know D. If I knew
考点：省略if 的虚拟语气，结果主句中由wouldn’t told 得知是与现在事实相反，“我不想告诉他事实”但事实上我告诉了他，而且是现在告诉了他。从句表示“如果我知道他得了重病”而事实上我不知道，这个不知道是我过去不知道，所以是与过去事实相反，用Had done的形式 省略if 主谓半倒装，故选B。
19、_______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. would they arrive C. were they arriving D. were they to arrive
考点：省略if 的虚拟语气，从句中由after tomorrow 得知这是与将来事实相反，故
用:Were + to do/ Should +
do /did (were)三者中的任意一个，故选：D
20、Our current boss, Robert, looks extremely exhausted. He ______ last night. A. should have stayed up late B. must have stayed up late C. need have stayed up late D. would have stayed up late
考点：must have stayed up late 肯定是熬夜了。选B。
21、The stock market is rather risky. But ______ we would be very wealthy. A. should we succeed B. would we succeed
C. might we succeed D. could we succeed
考点：股票市场有风险，但是如果将来我们成功就会变得很富有。Should + do 与将
来事实相反，选A。
22、He_______ have left the campus, for I saw him in the library just a minute ago. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. oughtn’t
考点： 情态动词 + have done 结构,表示对过去的推测
must——could——may——might + have done 表示推测；
注：在否定式中mustn’t表示禁止，所以用：can’t/ couldn’t + have done 选：C
23、I _______ my wallet when I was shopping in the store.
A. must have dropped B. should have dropped
C. could drop D. ought to have dropped
考点：must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测，选A。 24、Maybe If I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help now.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 考点：如果当初我学的是科学类专业而不是文学专业，现在我就可能给你更多的帮助了。可见If 引导的从句是与过去事实相反的所有用 had done 结构 ，选C. 25、He was attending a meeting, _________ he would have come to your party yesterday. A. unless B. when C. but D. otherwise
考点：含蓄虚拟，他昨天参加了一个会议，否则他会来你的party 的。选D
26、He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
考点：含蓄虚拟，与过去事实相反，otherwise 后的结果主句用Would、should、could、might + have done形式，选C.