题 目 无功补偿控制器设计研究
专 业 电气工程及其自动化
I
无功补偿的研究
学生：呼可晗 指导教师：王贵德
摘 要
本研究以电网无功补偿改造为背景，研制了一种低压无功功率补偿控制器。作为无功补偿控制器和电网监测器的统一体，该装置以实时的电网监测数据为依据，以低压网（220V）为补偿对象。本文主要研究了对电网性能的改善，电网最佳补偿点的位置和容量配置，及控制器的软，硬件设计。
系统硬件采用16位单片机系统，具有运算速度高，实时性好的特点；软件使用高级编程语言汇编语言，遵循模块化设计原则，极大的提高了系统的通用性和维护的简易程度，该系统在实时监测数据的基础上，对低压网进行无功补偿。该装置人机操作界面简单。
关键词：无功补偿；电力电容；单片机。
II
The optimal planning of distribution network reactive power compensation
Student: Hu Kehan teachers: Wang Guide
Abstract
This thesis is to design a controller which is under background of the reconstruction of the reactive power compensation.As the combination of reactive power cotroller and eletric power system measurement ,this drivce’s working theory is based on the real-time data of the eletric power system and it’s intention is to complete the most felicitious compensation for the reactive power which is exits in the 220V electric power wrie.the main part of the thesis includes the ameliorating of the net which comes from the reactive power compensate,the most felicitous compensating position and the hardware and the software design.
This device’s hardware core is the 16-bit MCU which has many merits such as high operating speed .the software design adopts language of semble language which is a special advanced programming language and in the process of program ,we use the method of modularization which can improve the universal trait of the program and simplify the device’s maintenance. The device has simple interface of man-machine operating.
Key words: reactive power compensation; Electric power capacitor; Single chip microcomputer.
III
目 录
摘 要 .................................................................. II 目 录 ................................................................. IV 1 绪论 .................................................................. 1
1.1 课题背景 ........................................................ 1 1.2 课题研究的目的和意义 ............................................ 1 1.3 无功补偿的分类 .................................................. 2 1.4 国内外研究现状及趋势 ............................................ 2 1.5 本文研究的主要内容 .............................................. 3 2 无功功率补偿原理 ...................................................... 4
2.1 无功功率补偿原理 ................................................ 4 2.2 低压网络的无功补偿控制的几种实用方法 ............................ 5 2.3 确定无功补偿器容量的一般方法 .................................... 6 2.4 电网参数的测量 .................................................. 7 3 无功补偿控制器的硬件设计 .............................................. 9
3.1 无功自动补偿控制器的技术 ........................................ 9 3.2 互感器 .......................................................... 9 3.3 CPU的选择 ...................................................... 10 3.4 电压和电流检测电路 ............................................. 11 3.5 相位检测电路 ................................................... 16 3.6 显示电路 ....................................................... 22 3.7 继电器驱动电路 ................................................. 22 3.8 主控制电路 ..................................................... 23 3.9 其它相关电路及元件 ............................................. 27 4 系统调试 ............................................................. 29
4.1 硬件调试 ....................................................... 30 4.2 软件调试 ....................................................... 30 4.3 误差分析及提高精度的措施 ....................................... 31 5 结论与展望 ........................................................... 32
IV
5.1 论文总结 ....................................................... 32 5.2 本文的不足及课题展望 ........................................... 32 致 谢 ............................................................... 33 参考文献 ............................................................... 35
V