辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院论文
摘 要
本次设计主要是设计原油处理量能力为200万吨/年的常压塔，其次为塔板的设计部分。
常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品各物性，确定切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位确定操作温度及操作压力，进行全塔热平衡计算。采用塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热:第一中段回流取热:第二中段取热为5:3:2，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许误差范围内。
塔板形式选用F1型33克重阀浮阀板，依常压塔内最大汽、液相负荷处算得塔板外径为4m，板间距为0.6m，最后计算得塔高为17m。这部分最重要的是核算塔板流体力学性能及操作性能，使塔板在适宜的操作范围内操作。
本次设计结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值之间误差在允许范围内，其余均在经验值范围内，本次设计就此完成。
关键词：常压塔;浮阀塔板;空心圆筒炉。
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辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院论文
Abstract
A atmospheric distillation column, which is able to treatment catacity crud oil 2Mt a year, is designed mainly, and a type of tray and a atmospheric heating furnage are secondary.
The design of the atmospheric distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the crude oil and of Engler distillation of the products. The calculation of products’ physical property parameters and the cut conceptual and product’s yields are also based on the datum. The tray number, the feed tray and the side stream with drawing work is to assume the operating temperature and pressure of all the important points of the column and to make the energy balance calculation for the whole column. A two-grate condenser is be used on the overhead of the column, and two mid-pump around on the body. The rate of the energy taken by the condensers from top to bottom is 5:3:2. Finaly, the temperature assumed should be checked up. It is very important.
A type of F1 valve tray, which a valve weighs 33g, is chosen. Its outside diameter determined by the vapour load of the column is 4m. The tray spacing is 0.6m,so the height of the column body is 17m.In this section, the most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of tray. The tray should be operated in a proper area.
The result shows that the errors between assumed values and the results are in the
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辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院论文
range permitted or the result are in the range of empirical values. So the design is completed
Key word: atmospheric distillation column; valve tray; hollow cylindrical pipe furnace.
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辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院论文
目 录
1 文献综述 ............................................... 1
1.1绪论 .......................................................... 1 1.2 常减压装置的腐蚀 .............................................. 1 1.2.1 常减压装置的腐蚀机理 ........................................ 1 1.2.2 腐蚀的危害 .................................................. 4 1.2.3 腐蚀对应措施 ................................................ 4 1.3 我国常减压蒸馏装置存在问题 .................................... 6 1.3.1 综合能耗高 .................................................. 6 1.3.2 分馏精度和减压拔出深度低 .................................... 8 1.4 常减压装置应对的举措 .......................................... 9 1.4.1 节能降耗 .................................................... 9 1.4.2 装置大型化，提高加工负荷率 ................................. 12 1.4.3 提高分馏精度和减压拔出深度 ................................. 12 1.4.4 优化电脱盐运行工况 ......................................... 13 1.4.5 推广使用阻垢技术 ........................................... 13 1.5 结语 ......................................................... 15
2 设计说明书 ............................................ 16
2.1 原油性质及产品性质 ........................................... 16 2.2 常压塔设计的参数确定 ......................................... 16
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辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院论文
2.2.1 操作压力的确定 ............................................. 16 2.2.2 操作温度的确定 ............................................. 17 2.2.3 设计中的一些经验数据. ...................................... 18 2.3 塔板设计中的一些经验数据 ..................................... 19 2.4 常压炉设计中的一些经验数据 ................................... 20
3 常压塔设计计算 ........................................ 21
3.1 基础数据 ..................................................... 21 3.2 工艺设计计算过程 ............................................. 23 3.2.1 原油的实沸点蒸馏曲线 ....................................... 23 3.2.2 原油的常压平衡汽化曲线 ..................................... 23 3.2.3 油品的性质参数 ............................................. 25 3.2.4 产品收率和物料平衡 ......................................... 32 3.2.5 汽提蒸汽用量 ............................................... 32 3.2.6 塔板形式和塔板数 ........................................... 33 3.2.7 精馏塔计算草图 ............................................. 33 3.2.8 操作压力 ................................................... 35 3.2.9 汽化段及塔底温度 ........................................... 35 3.2.10 塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热分配 .......................... 38 3.2.11 常三线抽出板（第30层）温度校核 ........................... 40 3.2.12 常二线抽出板（第21层）温度校核 ........................... 43
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