大学英语语法专题练习
平行结构与强调句型
1. He paid more attention to what he ate than________. A)what he wore B)that he wore C)that which he wore D)to what he wore
2. In her writing she often dealt with her own personality as it was, rather than________. A)as others defined it B)it was defined by others C )others' definition D)its definition by others 3. It is _______ leather its permeability to air and water vapour. A)the structure it gives B)giving it the structure of C)structure that gives it D)its structure that gives
4. He would sooner resign than _____ part in such dishonest business deals. A)to take B)taking
C)take D)have taken
5. Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter is more important than______. A)work harder B)working harder C)to work harder D)to working harder 6. I was advised ________ for reservation. A)to either telephone or to write the hotel B)either to telephone or to write the hotel
C)that I should telephone or either write the hotel D)I ought either to telephone or write the hotel
7. Along the rocky New England coast are small areas of sand and gravel beach, some created from glacial debris,______ by
the action of ocean storms.
A)upbuilding others B)others build up C)others built up D)built up others 8. ______ the 1500's ______ the first European explored the coast of California.
A)It was not until...when B)It is not until...when C)h is until...that D)It was not until...that 9. Having gone there and ____ out the truth, she started to cry.
A ) finding B) finds C)found D)to find
10. Most large companies have trained specialists, called personnel managers _____ on prospective employees. A)whose job it is to interview and pass judgment B)whose job they are to interview and pass judgment C)whose job is interview and pass judgment
D)whose job it is interviewing and passing judgment 11. My approach is not to pass the test, but ______ the prize. A)rather getting B)to rather get
C)rather to get D)more than getting
12. The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _____ late. A)but staying up B)than to stay up C)for staying up D)than staying up
13. Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus________ the past. A )conserve B)conserving C ) preserve D) preserving
14. Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _______from the stove.
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A)you should remove it B)removing it C)to remove it [))remove it
15. The purpose of the organization is ________ all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information. A)greeting B)to greet
C)having greeted D)to have greeted 16. It's better to die on one's feet than_______.
A)living on one's knees B)live on one's knees C)on one's knees D)to live on one's knees
17. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _____ interrogate (讯问) the computer to find out what would happen if the officer's own solution was put into action. A)ought to B)should C)dare to D)can 18. _________,but his character I despise.
A)I'm fond of his face B)Much as I'm fond of his face C)His face I'm fond of D)Though I'm fond of his face
19. With the help of a metal detector, the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2000-square-feet area, often _______ beneath sand and seaweed.
A)burying B)buried
C)bury D)was buried
20. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ________ eastern Nebraska. A )does B)in
C)it does in D)in it does
21. Many animals use odors for identification, ______ ,sexual attraction, alarm, and a variety of other purposes. A)the territorial marking B)territorial marking C)they mark territory D)mark territory
22. The atmosphere is as much as part of the earth as ______ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A )are B)is C )do D)has 23. Either you come in person, or_________.
A)to entrust someone with the matter B)entrusting someone with the matter C)you entrust someone with the matter D)you entrusted someone with the matter 24. The more precise ________ ,the more effective the communication. A)a writer's words B)that a writer's words C)there are a writer's words D)they are a writer's words 25. _______ Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics. A)It is in 1921 that B)It was in 1921 that C)It is in 1921 when D)It were in 1921 that
26. Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A)not to want anyone B)not wanting anyone C)wanted no one D)to want no one 27. I like watching TV________ to the cinema.
A)more than to go B)than going C)more than going D)rather than to go 28. _______she wondered if she had made a mistake.
A)Not until long afterwards that B)Not long until afterwards C)It was not until long afterwards that D)It was long afterwards until 29. Nowadays people usually prefer driving to________.
A )driving B)drive C)to drive D)drove
30. Allen has stated that he has always had a great ______ and admiration for the work of the British economist Keynes. A )interest B) interest in C)interesting in D)interested
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【key and explanation】
1．答案A。依据平行结构的一般原则，词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子，前后都要对等。在本题中，that之前为what he ate作短语动词pay attention to的宾语，四个选项中，只有A项结构与它相同，故A项为正确答案。
2．答案A。连词rather than连接与as it was相平行的结构，依据平行两部分的成分、结构要相同这一规则，与as it was相同的只有A项。 3．答案D。本题句意是：正是皮革的结构才使皮革对空气和水蒸汽具有渗透性。本题采用强调句型，强调structure，A、B两项不是强调句型，明显错误；C项缺乏物主代词，也是错误的。故D项为正确答案。
4．答案C。表示“宁可，宁愿”时用句型would rather／sooner do (sth．)than do(sth．)，than连接的部分应是平行结构，与resign 相对应的是take，故C项为正确选项。又如：He would rather throw money into the sea than lend it to Tom．他宁愿把钱扔进海里也不借给汤姆。
5．答案B。在本题中than引导比较从句，根据平行结构的原则，比较对象的语法形式与成分均须一致，其前为动名词，比较的另一方也应是动名词，故B项为正确答案。
6．答案B。并列连词either...or用以连接两个对等的词、短语或句子。又如：You can either do it yourself or ask someone else to do it．你可以自己做，也可以请别人帮你做。只有B项符合这一语法原则，其他几个选项中either...or所处的位置混乱，均不正确。
7．答案C。在英语中要求句子结构平行，即当两个或两个以上的同等成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语等)并列时，要求它们的词性或结构相同。在本题中，要与some created结构并列，处于同等的语法地位，则只能选择others built up。A、B、D三项在语法上不符合平行结构的要求，均可排除。 8．答案D。本题考查强调句型。not until有两种常用的强调句型：一种是将not until引导的短语或句子置于句首，主句用部分倒装结构；另一种是将not until引导的短语或句子置于强调句“is...that...”中，主句不需用倒装结构。本题属于后一种情况。A、B、C三项要么时态不对，要么搭配不对，均可排除。
9．答案C。and连接两个并列成分，根据平行结构的原则，两个并列成分必须在词性、结构、句法等方面对等。与having gone对等的是(having)found，因此，正确答案是C项。
10．答案A。本题句意是：大多数大型公司都聘请了有经验的专家，即人事经理，其工作是对求职者进行面试并做出评判。whose job it is to do中的it is to do起强调作用，故A项为正确答案。
11．答案C。本题句意是：我的目标不是通过考试，而是赢得奖励。but连接两个并列成分，前一分句采用的是不定式形式，因此，后一分句也应采用不定式形式。A、D两项可首先排除。再者，由于rather应置于不定式之前，而不是之后，故B项也可排除。只有C项正确。
12．答案D。more than连接的两个短语应采用平行结构，四个选项中与动名词going to bed对等的只有D项than staying up，因此，D项为正确答案。
13．答案D。thus之后的词应与burying并列，同作介词of的宾语，与前文burying相对应的应是动名词，因此，A、C两项可首先排除。再者，conserve表示“保存”之意，而preserve表示“保护”，显然preserve符合题意。因此，D项正确。
14．答案D。and连接两个并列的句子，前一分句为祈使句，根据平行结构的语法要求，表示平行概念的祈使句在结构上必须是相同的。而四个选项中只有D项是祈使句形式，为正确答案。
15．答案B。当不定式充当各种成分时，与其对等的也应是不定式。本题中与and之后的不定式to provide对等的是to greet，故B项为正确选项。本题句意是：这个组织的宗旨是接待所有新来这个城市的人并向他们提供必要的信息。又如：To know what is Rood and to do what is right are two different things．知道什么 是好的和做什么是对的是两件不同的事。
16．答案D。在better...than...这一结构中，than连接一个比较从句，than两边的语法形式应该一致才符合平行结构的语法要求。与带to的不定式形式to die on one's feet对等的也应是带to的不定式，故D项为正确答案。 17．答案D。此处。r连接两个并列平行的分句，前一句的谓语动词为can be asked与之相呼应，后一句的谓语动词也应用情态动词can。因此正确答案是D项。
18．答案C。but连接的是两个并列的子句，后一句是将宾语his character前置，故前一句也应采用相同的句式(即将介词of的宾语his face前置)，以保持句子结构上的和谐。故C项为正确答案。
19．答案B。分析句子结构可知，动词lay之后带有过去分词充当状语。根据平行结构的语法要求，两个平行成
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分必须是对等的。前一分句是过去分词scattered，因此后一分句也必须是过去分词，故B项为正确答案。 20，答案A。本题中存在一比较状语从句。根据平行结构的原则， than前后可连接的成分应是对等的。四个选项中与receives对等的只有A项does。
21．答案Bo从句子结构可知，and连接了一系列名词。按照平行结构的语法要求，空缺处也应填人一名词。B项的结构与其后的sexual attraction一致。其余三项均不合语法要求，可排除。
22．答案A。本句为比较句，连词than前后应使用平行结构，因此，状语从句的谓语动词应为\”。又由于从句是倒装句，主语是“its soil and the water of its lakes，rivers and oceans”，所以谓语动词要使用复数。
23．答案C。本题是由“either...or...”连接的并列句，因此应使用平行结构。either后接的是句子，则or后也应接句子，故A、B两项可首先排除，而D项的时态与前一句不符，也可排除。因此，正确答案是C项。 24．答案A。“the more...the more...”句型连接了两个平行结构，空缺处应填人与the communication相对应的名词或名词短语，四个选项中只有A项是名词短语，为正确答案。
25．答案B。本题为一强调句型，强调时间状语。在\is(was)...that”的强调句中，被强调部分是时间状语或时间状语从句，在正式文体中要用that。 A项的时态不对，C项的时态与搭配均错，D项有单复数错误，而B项为唯一正确的答案。
26．答案B。空缺处前的并列连词but引导平行结构，前后成分必须形式一致、语法一致。but前为现在分词短语作状语，其后也应是现在分词短语作状语。故B项为正确选项。
27．答案C。本题含有比较意义的句子，由than来连接，前面是动名词，则than后面也应接动名词，因此，A、D两项可首先排除。而B项中没有比较级的词more，也可排除。故C项为正确答案。
28．答案C。本题为一强调句，until所引出的时间和not一起放在强调的位置中，形成it is(was)not until...that...的强调句型，强调时间状语。只有C项符合语法规则。
29．答案A。动词prefer后须接平行结构。to之前是动名词，则其后也应是动名词形式。故A项为正确答案。 30．答案B。在英语的平行结构中，平行各部分的类别、词性或词的形式要一致，同时平行的各部分在结构上要完整。本题中，and连接两个并列成分，与admiration for相并列的应是B项。故正确答案为B。
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