河南理工大学毕业（论文）设计说明书
摘要
煤矿生产的动力主要是电力，供电系统是整个煤矿生产的动力来源。随着采煤机械化程度的不断提高，矿用设备的功率越来越大，供电电压越来越高，所以供电系统必须具备安全、可靠，灵活的特点，才能适应煤矿现代化生产的需要。
变电站是电力系统的重要组成部分，它直接影响整个电力系统的安全与经济运行，是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节，起着变换和分配电能的作用。电气主接线是变电站的主要环节，它的拟定直接关系到全站电气设备的选择，配电装置的布置、继电保护装置和防雷接地装置等的确定，是变电站建设的关键因素。
本设计是针对预计生产能力为90万吨/年矿井的35kV变电站电气一次部分的设计，根据矿井的地质、各类负荷、采煤方式、年产量等指标来确定变电站设计的基本步骤和方法。设计中首先根据已知系统与线路及所有负荷的参数先对负荷进行了分类统计与计算，选出需要的主变压器型号。然后根据负荷性质及对供电可靠性要求拟定供电系统，进行短路计算。由最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，再根据电气设备选择原则，对各种矿用电气设备进行选择和校验。最后,根据配电装置设计的原则和要求,对变电站相关配电装置进行设计。
关键词：负荷计算；变压器选择；电气主接线；短路电流；电气设备选择与校验
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河南理工大学毕业（论文）设计说明书
Abstract
The main driving force coal production is electricity, and the power supply system is the driving force of the coal mine production. With the increasing degree of mechanization coal mining, mining equipment, power increases, increasing the supply voltage, so the power supply system must have secure and reliable features to adapt to mine the needs of modern production.
Substation is the important part of the power system, which directly affects the safety and economic operation of the entire power system, contact the power plants and users of intermediate links, plays transformation and distribution of electric energy role. The main electrical wiring is the main part of the substation, its formulation is directly related to the choice of station electrical equipment, the layout of power distribution equipment, protection devices, and lightning protection and grounding devices to determine the key factors of the substation building.
The design is expected the first part of the design of the 35kV substation electrical production capacity of 900,000 tons / year mine, mine geology, various types of load, coal mining way, the annual output and other indicators to determine the basic steps and methods of substation design. The design of the first known system with the lines and all load parameters before the load classification Statistics and Computing elect of the main transformer model. The power supply system, and then prepared according to the load of the nature and reliability of power supply requirements for short circuit calculation. By the calculations of the maximum continuous operating current and short circuit calculation, and then choose the principle of electrical equipment, electrical equipment selection and validation of the various mines. Finally, according to the distribution device design principles and requirements of the substation, related to the distribution device design.
Keywords:load calculation; transformer choose; main electrical wiring; short-circuit current; selection and verification of electrical equipment
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河南理工大学毕业（论文）设计说明书
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 目录 .......................................................................................................................................... III 1 概述 ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1本矿概况 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2供用电协议 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.3自然条件 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.4原始负荷资料 ............................................................................................................... 1 2 负荷计算 ................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 负荷定义及分类 .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2 负荷计算的目的和意义 .............................................................................................. 3 2.3 负荷计算方法 .............................................................................................................. 3
2.3.1 常用负荷计算方法 ............................................................................................ 3 2.3.2 负荷计算步骤 .................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 各用电设备组负荷计算 .................................................................................... 5 2.3.2 各低压变压器的选择与损耗计算 .................................................................... 7 2.3.3 6kV母线侧补偿前总计算负荷 ......................................................................... 9 2.3.4 无功补偿计算及电容器柜选择 ........................................................................ 9 2.3.5 补偿后6kV母线侧总计算负荷及功率因数校验 ......................................... 10
3 变电站主变压器选择 ...........................................................................................................11
3.1 变压器的选取原则 .....................................................................................................11 3.2 变压器选择计算 .........................................................................................................11
3.2.1 用电负荷分析 ...................................................................................................11 3.2.2 主变选择 .......................................................................................................... 12 3.3 变压器损耗计算 ........................................................................................................ 12 3.4 折算到35kV侧负荷及功率因数校验 ..................................................................... 12 3.5 变压器经济运行方案的确定 .................................................................................... 13 3.6 全矿电耗与吨煤电耗计算 ........................................................................................ 13 4 电气主接线设计 ............................................................................................................... 14
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河南理工大学毕业（论文）设计说明书
4.1 对主接线的基本要求 ................................................................................................ 14 4.2 变电站高压侧主接线方式 ........................................................................................ 14 4.3 6-10kV侧主接线方式................................................................................................ 16 4.4 本所电气主接线设计方案 ........................................................................................ 17
4.4.1 确定矿井35kV进线回路 ............................................................................... 17 4.4.2 35kV、6kV主接线的确定 .............................................................................. 18 4.4.3 下井电缆回数确定 .......................................................................................... 18 4.4.4 负荷分配 .......................................................................................................... 18
5 短路电流计算 ...................................................................................................................... 20
5.1 短路电流计算的原因和种类及危害 ........................................................................ 20 5.2 短路电流计算的目的 ................................................................................................ 20 5.3 短路电流计算中需要计算的数值 ............................................................................ 21 5.4 三相短路电流计算方法 ............................................................................................ 22
5.4.1 有名制法 .......................................................................................................... 22 5.4.2 标幺制法 .......................................................................................................... 22 5.5短路电流计算过程 ..................................................................................................... 23
5.5.1 计算各元件的电抗标幺值 .............................................................................. 24 5.5.2 各短路点短路计算 .......................................................................................... 25
6 供电系统电气设备的选择 .................................................................................................. 28
6.1 高压电气设备选择的一般原则 ................................................................................ 28 6.2 高压开关设备的选择及校验 .................................................................................... 29
6.2.1 高压断路器的选择与校验 .............................................................................. 29 6.2.2 隔离开关的选择 .............................................................................................. 30 6.2.3 高压熔断器的选择 .......................................................................................... 30 6.3 仪用互感器的选择及校验 ........................................................................................ 31
6.3.1 电流互感器的选择及校验 .............................................................................. 31 6.3.2 电压互感器的选择及校验 .............................................................................. 32 6.3.3 35kV避雷器选择 ............................................................................................. 32 6.4 高压开关柜的选择 .................................................................................................... 32
6.4.1 型号选择 .......................................................................................................... 32 6.4.2 断路器校验 ...................................................................................................... 33
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河南理工大学毕业（论文）设计说明书
6.4.3 其它各柜的选择 .............................................................................................. 34 6.5 电力线路的选择 ........................................................................................................ 34
6.5.1 电线、电缆截面选择条件 .............................................................................. 34 6.5.2 35kV输电线路及母线的选择与校验 .......................................................... 35 6.5.3 6kV母线、电缆及架空线的选择 ................................................................ 35 6.5.4 母线支柱绝缘子、穿墙套管及室外构架的选择 .......................................... 39
7 配电装置 .............................................................................................................................. 41
7.1 概述 ............................................................................................................................ 41 7.2 对配电装置的基本要求 ............................................................................................ 41 7.3 配电装置的类型及选择 ............................................................................................ 41
7.3.1 配电装置的类型 .............................................................................................. 41 7.3.2 本站配电装置的选择 ...................................................................................... 41 7.4继电保护的配置 ......................................................................................................... 42 8 变电站的防雷与接地 .......................................................................................................... 44
8.1 概述 ............................................................................................................................ 44 8.2 保护接地网的设置 .................................................................................................... 44 8.3 接地电阻 .................................................................................................................... 44 8.4 变电站的过电压保护 ................................................................................................ 45
8.4.1 变电站防入侵波保护 ...................................................................................... 45 8.4.2变电站防击雷防护 ........................................................................................... 45
结论 .......................................................................................................................................... 50 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 51 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 52 附录 .......................................................................................................................................... 53
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