V+-ing 形 式 作 状 语
都匀二中：任娟娟
V+-ing形式 动词 / 语态 及物动词make 不及物动词go 形式 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 making being made going 完成式 having made having been made having gone * V+-ing形式在句中可以作 ：时间状语， 原因状语， 条件状语，伴随状语，
结果状语 ，让步状语 ,方式状语
* V+-ing形式作状语的首要条件：V+-ing形式所表示的动作的逻辑主语必须和
句子的主语保持一致。
* 其次，判断V+-ing形式表示在句中表示主动还是被动来选择语态。 * 再次，判断V+-ing形式表示在句中表示的动作是与句子的谓语动词是（几乎）
同时发生，还是先于句子的谓语动词发生，来选择V+-ing的形式。
* 最后，其否定形式：not+ V-ing形式
1．时间状语
Seeing Tom,I Couldn’t help thinking of his brother . (同时发生,表示主动)
Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her. (同时发
生表示主动)
**分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加When / While .
(1) Crossing the street ,You must be careful . (同时发生,表示主动)
=When /While (You are ) crossing the street, You must be careful .
(2) Watching Tv in the room ,I heard someone knocking at the door .( 同时
发生,表示主动)
=When / While (I was) Watching Tv in the room ,I heard someone knocking at the door.
2． 作 原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday .( 同时发生表示主动)
Being a teacher, You must always think of others .( 同时发生,表示主动) Not having received his letter ,I decided to write again .(先后发生，表示主动)
3．作条件状语
Staying here for some time , You will find the people here are friendly .( 表示主动)
4．作伴随状语
Following the foreign guests, the teacher went into the lab.(同时发生表主动)
5． 作 结果状语
The glass dropped to the ground,,breaking into pieces. (同时发生,表主动)
6． 作让步状语
Though being busy , he will spare some time to help us .( 同时发生表主动)
7． 作方式状语
He came running to tell me the good news .
8． V-ing形式的一般式
*表示的动作与句中的谓语动词（几乎）同时发生，有逻辑主谓关系。在句中作时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，伴随状语，结果状语和让步状语，和方式状语。
9． V-ing形式的完成式
* 表示的动作先于句中的谓语动词发生，有逻辑主谓关系， 在句中作
时间状语和原因状语。
（1）. Having answered the letter, she went on to read the novel . (时间状语) =After she had answered the letter, she went on to read the novel .
（2）.Not having done the work well, he decided to try again. (原因状语)
=Because he had not done the work well, he decided to try again.
( 3 ). Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make a greater
progress . (时间状语)
=After I had been praised a second time ,I decided to make a greater
progress .
1) . He sent me a e—mail ,________to get further information .
A. hoped B . hoping C . to hope D. hope
2) . _________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up
the river .
A . Having suffered B. Suffering C . To suffer D . Suffered
3) . The manager , _________his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided
to give his workers further training .
A . knowing B. known C . to know D. being known
4) .________tomorrow’s lesson , I had no time to go to the film .
A . Not to have prepared B . Having not prepared
C . Not having prepared D. To not have prepared
5). ________a few more days , he could have done the job better .
A . To give B. Given C. Having given D. Giving
6). ________from the moon , our earth with water______twenty percent
Of its surface, appears as a blue ball .
A . Seen ; covered B . Seeing ; covering C. Seen ; covering D. To see ; to cover
7)._________from the moon , we find our earth looks like a blue ball full of water .
A . Seen B . To see C . Having seen D . Seeing
8). Stepping out in the street , ____________in the darkness .
A . nobody was seen B . there was nobody
C . he could see nobody D. and he saw nobody
9). _________many times , but he still couldn’t understand it .
A . Having been told B . Though had been told
C . He was told D. Having told
10) . The storm left ,________a lot of damage to the area .
A . caused B . to have caused C . to cause D . having caused
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