第八讲
翻译技巧：句法翻译法
定语从句的翻译
一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。
（一）重复先行词。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area. （二）省略先行词。
He received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。
She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.
四、状译法
（一）译成表示“时间”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.
不许和人谈话，也不能走神。
（二）译成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话， （三）译成表示“条件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.
人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作， （四）译成表示“让步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 他坚持要再买一幢房子， （五）译成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.
,他想写一篇文章。
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。 （六）译成表示“结果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图镇压反抗，
（七）译成表示“转折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很有耐心，