分类号 密级
中国地质大学（北京）
本 科 毕 业 设 计
题 目 露天破碎喷雾除尘系统设计
英文题目 The Design of Spraying Dust Removing System In
Open-crushing
学生姓名 郝海斌 院（系）工程技术学院 专 业 安全工程 学 号 02407116
指导教师 程五一 职 称 教 授
摘要
摘 要
长期以来，粉尘治理始终是安全生产的难题之一。铁矿露天破碎过程中会产生大量的粉尘，使得工作场所达到很高的粉尘浓度，它不仅影响工人的身心健康，造成尘矽病，也对生产造成一定的危害。因此设计一套露天破碎过程的除尘系统是当前铁矿生产中巫待解决的问题之一。
本设计在分析研究了目前常用的除尘设备和除尘机理的基础上，选取了喷雾降尘，它结构简单，成本低，并且在露天易于实现，也是目前最经济有效的粉尘防治措施。结合露天破碎过程中粉尘的特点，分析研究了雾化理论、喷雾降尘机理和影响降尘效率主要因素，选取适宜于此处使用的喷嘴类型，然后利用流体力学的知识设计了整个除尘系统的供排水管道系统。利用喷雾除尘效率计算理论，对整个喷雾除尘系统的除尘效率进行计算，结果表明经过喷雾除尘后工作场所的粉尘浓度达到了国家标准的浓度要求。
本次设计完成了适宜于露天破碎的喷雾除尘系统的设计，除尘效率达到98%以上，除尘后满足工作场所职业接触粉尘的浓度要求，有效的降低了粉尘对工人的危害和对设备的损害。
关键词: 除尘； 喷雾； 露天破碎；
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Dust controlling is one of the difficult problems in safety production for a long time. The Open-crushing process of iron ore will produce a lot of dust, making the workplace to achieve a high dust concentration. It is not only harming the health of workers, causing dust pulmonary disease, but also causing damage on the production. Therefore, to design a Dust Removing System for the process of Open-crushing is one of issues to be solved immediately.
The design select spraying dust removing, based on the analysis of the equipment of dust removal and the mechanism of dust removal, which are commonly used. It has many advantages, such as low-cost, simple Structure, and easy to implement in the open air, it is also an effective dust control measures. According to the characteristic of dust in the process of Open-crushing, on the basis of analyzing atomization theory, dust removing principle, and the influence factors of dust removing efficiency, select the suitable type of nozzle, used here. To design the Water supply pipeline system and the sewer system of the dust removing system, we utilize the theory of the fluid mechanics. Utilizing the calculations theory of spraying dust removing efficiency, we calculate the efficiency of the spraying dust removing system, the results show that dust concentration in workplace reached the national standard requirements after the system used.
The design of spraying dust removal system has be completed, suitable for Open-crushing, the dust removing efficiency is 98% or even higher. When the system works, the dust concentration in the workplace is lower than the dust required concentration of Occupational exposure limits, and the harm to workers and damage to equipment by dust is reduced effectively.
Key words：Dust Removing; Spraying; Open-crushing;
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目录
目 录
1 建昌矿业公司概况 ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 概况 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 矿区工艺流程及设备 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3 破碎转载点产尘分析 ...................................................................................................... 7 2 粉尘性质 ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 粉尘的分类 ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 粉尘的物理化学特性 ...................................................................................................... 8 2.3 粉尘粒度分析 ................................................................................................................ 10 2.4 粉尘浓度特征 ................................................................................................................ 10 2.5 粉尘的危害 .................................................................................................................... 11
2.5.1 对人体的危害 ..................................................................................................... 11 2.5.2 对生产的危害 ..................................................................................................... 11 2.5.3 对环境的危害 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.5.4 对社会的危害 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.5.5 对经济效益的影响 ............................................................................................. 12
3 除尘方案的确定 ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.1 常用的除尘设备及除尘机理 ........................................................................................ 13
3.1.1 重力除尘和惯性除尘 ......................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 电除尘器 ............................................................................................................. 14 3.1.3 过滤除尘器 ......................................................................................................... 16 3.1.4 湿式除尘器 ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 除尘设备的选择依据 .................................................................................................... 19 4 喷雾除尘系统设计 ................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 喷雾除尘机理概述 ........................................................................................................ 20
4.1.1 单一雾滴捕尘机理 ............................................................................................. 20 4.1.2 喷雾形成机理 ..................................................................................................... 21 4.1.3 喷雾除尘系统 ..................................................................................................... 21 4.2 喷头的设计和选型 ........................................................................................................ 22
4.2.1 喷头介绍 ............................................................................................................. 22 4.2.2 扬尘区域和扬尘量 ............................................................................................. 23 4.2.3 喷雾面积和喷雾有效距离计算 ......................................................................... 23 4.2.4 喷头选型和个数计算 ......................................................................................... 24 4.3 系统排水量的计算 ........................................................................................................ 25 4.4 管道的选择设计 ............................................................................................................ 25
4.4.1 水管道管径的确定 ............................................................................................. 25 4.4.2 水管道材料的选择 ............................................................................................. 26 4.4.3 水管道布置原则 ................................................................................................. 27 4.5 阻力损失计算 ................................................................................................................ 27 4.6 水泵的选型 .................................................................................................................... 28
4.6.1 水泵选取原则 ..................................................................................................... 28 4.6.2 水泵选型计算 ..................................................................................................... 28 4.7 供电选择 ........................................................................................................................ 29
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目录
4.8 蓄水池设计 .................................................................................................................... 29 4.9 喷雾除尘效率计算 ........................................................................................................ 30
4.9.1 工作场所粉尘限值标准 ..................................................................................... 30 4.9.2 除尘效率影响因素分析 ..................................................................................... 30 4.9.3 喷雾除尘效率计算 ............................................................................................. 31
5 排水系统设计 ........................................................................................................................... 32
5.1 排水管道选型和设计 .................................................................................................... 32 5.2 污水池设计 .................................................................................................................... 33 6 喷雾除尘系统的运行和维护 ................................................................................................... 34
6.1 设备管理维护制度 ........................................................................................................ 34 6.2 喷头运行管理维护 ........................................................................................................ 34 6.3 管道的日常维护 ............................................................................................................ 34 6.4 水泵的日常维护 ............................................................................................................ 35 6.5 供电系统的管理维护 .................................................................................................... 36 6.6 水池的管理维护 ............................................................................................................ 36 结论 ................................................................................................................................................ 37 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 38
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