羧酸及其衍生物
10.1 用系统命名法命名（如有俗名请注出）或写出结构式
a.(CH3)2CHCOOHb.COOHOHc.CH3CH=CHCOOHd.CH3CHCH2COOHBre.CH3CH2CH2COCli.CONH2f.j.(CH3CH2CH2CO)2OHOOCC=CCOOHHHg.CH3 CH2COOC2H5k.邻苯二甲酸二甲酯t.乙酰基h.l.CH3CH2CH2OCOCH3甲酸异丙酯m.N-甲基丙酰胺n---r.略s.苯甲酰基
答案：a. 2－甲基丙酸 2－Methylpropanoic acid (异丁酸 Isobutanoic acid ) b. 邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）o－Hydroxybenzoic acid c. 2－丁烯酸 2－Butenoic acid
d 3－溴丁酸 3－Bromobutanoic acid e. 丁酰氯 Butanoyl Chloride f. 丁酸酐 Butanoic anhydride g. 丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoate h. 乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate i. 苯甲酰胺 Benzamide j. 顺丁烯二酸 Maleic acid
COOCH3k.COOCH3Os.
l.HCOOCH(CH3)2Ot.H3CCm.CH3CH2CONHCH3CNH2H2NOn.
COOHCOOH o.
HOO
ureaoxalic acid p. formic acidOOHHOCOOHHOOCq.
10.2 将下列化合物按酸性增强的顺序排列：
a. CH3CH2CHBrCO2H b. CH3CHBrCH2CO2H c. CH3CH2CH2CO2H d. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH e. C6H5OH f. H2CO3 g. Br3CCO2H h. H2O 答案：
酸性排序 g > a > b > c > f > e > h > d
Osuccinic acid r.
fumaric acid
10.3 写出下列反应的主要产物
NaCrO--HSOa.22724b.(CH3)2CHOH+H3CCOClc.HOCH2CH2COOHLiAlH4d.NCCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOHe.CH2COOHCH2COOHBa(OH)2f.CH3COCl+无水AlCl3CH3g.(CH3CO)2O+OHh.CH3CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5i.CH3COOC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OHj.CH3CH(COOH)2k.COOH+HCl
H+H+
l.m.2COOH+HOCH2CH2OHLiAlH4H+COOHn.HCOOH+OHNaOC2H5H+o.CH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5CONH2Np.OH－q.答案： a.CH2(COOC2H5)2Na2Cr2O7--H2SO4+H2NCONH2COOHCOOHCOOH+COOHH3C
b.c.(CH3)2CHOH+H3CCOClCOOCH(CH3)2HOCH2CH2COOHNCCH2CH2CN+H2OLiAlH4NaOHHOCH2CH2CH2OH－d.e.OOCCH2CH2COO－H+HOOCCH2CH2COOHCH2COOHOCH2COOHBa(OH)2无水AlCl3CH3CH3COCH3+COCH3CH3f.CH3COCl+g.(CH3CO)2O+OHOCOCH3h.CH3CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC2H5CH3
i.j.k.CH3COOC2H5CH3CH(COOH)2COOH+CH3CH2CH2OHH+CH3COOCH2CH2CH3+ CO2ClCOOH+C2H5OHCH3CH2COOH+HCl
l.m.2COOH+HOCH2CH2OHLiAlH4H+COOCH2CH2OOCCOOHn.HCOOH+OHNaOC2H5CH2OHHCOOOCOOC2H5COO－H+o.CH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5p.Nq.CONH2OH－+NH2NCONH2+NH3OHNONHO
CH2(COOC2H5)2
10.4 用简单化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：
COOHa.COOHCOOH与CH2COOHCH2COOHCOOCH3b.OCH3COOH与OHOHOHc.(CH3)2CHCH=CHCOOH与COOHd.CH3与与COCH3OHCH=CH2
答案：
a. KmnO4 b. FeCl3 c. Br2 or KmnO4 d. ①FeCl3 ②2,4-二硝基苯肼或I2 / NaOH
10.5 完成下列转化：
COOHa.OOHCH3CH2CH2COOH(CH3)2CCOOHOHOOOOOe.(CH3)2C=CH2Ob.c.CH3CH2CH2Br(CH3)2CHOHCH3d.CH3(CH3)3CCOOH
f.Brg.
COOH
HCOCHOCH3COOC2H5
h.i.j.k.CH3CH2COOHCH3COOHOOOCO2CH3OHCH3CH2CH2CH2COOHCH2(COOC2H5)2CH2COONH4CH2CONH2COOHOOCCH3CH3CH2COOl.m.n.
CH3CH2COOHCH3CH(COOC2H5)2CH3CH2COOH