跨文化交际 考试重点归纳
Concept(what they think)
3. How to understand cultural iceberg? P7
The aspects of culture that are explicit,visible,taught.
The aspects of culture that are intangible and not taught directly.
4. What are the characteristic of culture?
Shared ,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric(文化中心主义），
5. What are the characteristic of communication?
Dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematic,transactional,contextual
Unit 2-4
11. Pragmatics:语用学 the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.
12. Semantics:语意 the study of the meaning of words.
13. Denotation:字面意思 the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.
14. Connotation:弦外之音the suggestive meaning of a word --- all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.
15. Taboo:禁忌语 some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.
16. Euphemism:委婉语 the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.
精讲案例Case 1, case 2(p.17) case 4 (p. 19) Case 2 (p 43) case 3 (p.45) Case 1 (p.67) case 3 (p.69)
思考题
6. How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing? (p.33)
The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name. Even when the full names are used in some formal occasions by the Americans,the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite.
Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the Americans seldom do so.
The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used.
7. What are the social functions of compliments? (p.60) (答案p50 第一段)
Compliments have a series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment.
Unit 5
17. Chronemics:时间学 The study of how people perceive and use time.
18. Monochronic time:一元时间概念 paying attention to and doing only one thing