课后习题答案
important plans may be changed right up to the minute of execution.
5．What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?
M-time system
Strengths: stimulating productive desirable
Weaknesses: often feel uncomfortable
P-time system
Strengths: oriented punctuality schedules procedures Weaknesses: wasted
Unit9A
Key concepts:Silence 沉默 high-context culture 高语境文化 low-context culture 低语境文化implicitness 含蓄 explicitness 明确 impersonal sources of information 客观的信息来源 personal sources of information 人际间的信息来源 verbalizing 以言语表述
1.What is high-context culture？What is low-context culture？
1) Communication occurs in ways other than through language is high context. It is rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communicate or communication or an internalized social context or both, to convey a large part or even all of a message's meaning.
2) Communication that occurs mostly through language is low context. it is assumed to be understood, messages are explicit ,direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.
2. How do people of different communicative cultures behave differently in their daily life？
High-context are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative and they use the context to communicate the message. Members of low-context cultures put their thoughts into words. They are logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented.
?3. What does silence mean in high-context cultures？What is the function of silence in high-context cultures？
In high context cultures silence means agreement. can communicate apathy, confusion, repressed hostility, thoughtfulness, contemplation, sadness, regret, obligation, respect, agreement, disagreement, embarrassment, awe or any number of meanings.
?4.What does silence means in low-text cultures？Why do the Westerners feel uncomfortable to silence？
1). In low-context cultures, silence is often interpreted as the absence of communication. 2) Because silence dose not fit with it’s emphasis on precision and clarify, it may indicate that the receiver of the message did not hear the message, is angry at the message, needs time to think,