resulting in one son who defined the new (genetic) line and whose male descendants eventually reached a majority in Africa. Some offspring of this lineage left Africa to populate the entire globe,\
16. The Khoisan people of South Africa are studied by scientists because ________.
(A) they have had a long hunter-gatherer tradition (B) their ancestors built the first Garden of Eden
(C) their descendants quickly spread to the whole world (D) they have possessed the earliest genetic traits of man 17. The expression \
(A) immediate occurrences (B) small alterations (C) great transformations (D) slow evolution 18. Which of the following is NOT true about the expression \
(A) It is a geographical location in South Africa. (B) It is coined from the Holy Bible.
(C) It is used to symbolize the birthplace of the human race. (D) It is said to be the place where the legendary Adam and Eve lived. 19. According to Dr. Peter Oefner, the Khoisan people _______.
(A) have never left their land in South Africa (B) have only one single man and woman as their earliest ancestors (C) have a unique genetic line in their male descendants (D) can find their history reflected in the Bible 20. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
(A) The Khoisan people are one of the earliest and advanced civilizations in the world. (B) The biblical account of human history is based on the ethnic groups in South Africa.
(C) The investigation of genetic traits reveals that the earliest human ancestors are from South Africa. (D) Homo erectus and Homo sapiens are both the ancestors of the human race.
The three sacred words \They urge you to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes abandoned. I am convinced that these words teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for action; not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, yet never take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. In short, these words teach you to be both a militant fighter and a gentleman.
SECPart A: Note-taking and Gap-filling When a child reaches the age of around eight to __________ (1), for the first time in his life the idea of love is changed from being loved into loving. As he grows into a(n) ___________________(2) eventually, he has overcome his _______________(3). For him now, to give has become more satisfactory and more joyous than to _____________(4); to love has become more important even than being loved. Related to this change is the development of the ____________(5) of love. When a child grows up, his _________________(6) to mother gradually ______________(7) some of its vital significance and his relationship to ______________________(8) becomes more and more important. There are essential ___________(9) in quality between motherly love and fatherly love. Motherly love is by nature _____________________________(10). Mother loves a child not because the child has _________________________(11) any specific condition, or has lived up to any specific __________________(12). But the ________________(13) to father is quite different. Father does not represent the
______________(14) world. He represents the world of thought, of ___________________(15) and order, of discipline, and of travel and ____________________(16). Father is the one who shows the child the road into the ___________________(17). Fatherly love is ___________________________(18) love. Its principle is \Fatherly love has a negative and a ___________________(19) aspect. The negative aspect is that fatherly love can be _________________(20) if the child does not do what is expected of him.
Americans are recycling more paper than ever before. But for recycling to reduce the amount of virgin materials used and to reduce pollution, more demand is needed for recycled products. The American Forest & Paper Association (AFPA) reports that
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63 percent of newsprint was recovered in 1996, up from 43 percent in 1990, to become an important new source of paper fibers. \recycling expert with the industry group. \raw material, and recovered fiber now represents 30 percent of the supply of raw materials industry-wide.\ The AFPA estimates the overall United States paper recovery rate is 45 percent, with the goal of 50 percent paper recovery by 2000. But recycling advocates say that isn't enough. \MASSPIRG, a consumer and environmental watchdog group. \advantage. With greater demand fro recycled paper, the mills will use more recovered material.\ To that end, MASSPIRG is coordinating a national effort with other states with similar watchdog groups to have state and municipal governments around the country adopt recycled-paper puchasing requirements like those of the federal government. A 1993 federal executive order required the government to buy recycled paper with 20 percent post-consumer materials as of Dec. 31, 1994. The standard increases to 30 percent in 1998. The U.S. government is the world's largest publisher, and the excutive order instantly created demand. Recycled paper has pre-and post-consumer waste in it. Post-consumer waste is derived from recycled newspapers, magazines, and office waste. Pre-consumer waste is paper-mill trimmings and cuttings--paper that did not ever reach end users. Paper processing requires use of toxins. After pulping, the pulp is bleached with chlorine dioxide to produce white paper. Bleaching yields as many as 1,000 different toxic organochlorides, of which dioxin is the most dangerous. Recycling paper saves trees, diverts paper from the landfills, reduces the use of toxic chemicals, and saves energy. According to Ted Vansant, president of Recycled Paper Printing Inc., a Boston-based paper supplier that uses and sells only recycled paper, the number of different recycled papers has increased. \done:\sources for clean, high quality, not contaminated fibers,\
1. Introduce briefly the nature of the organization MASSPIRG and similar watchdog groups.
2. List the advantages of paper recycling. 3. Explain the phrases \ A CHEER went up from most students when the announcement came over the intercom at Centennial High School. Teachers across the province were going out on strike this morning, in protest against the Ontario government's education reforms. But for other students, the news could not have been worse. \\ The showdown between teachers' unions and the government in Ontario, Canada's largest province, will keep 2.1 million students out of class starting today. Last minuts talks still going yesterday, with former Chief Justice of Ontario Charles Dubin as referee. The teachers' union, in announcing the strike, said their actions were a 'political protest' as well as a strike. At issue is who will make policy: the cost-cutting Conservative government, or the unions that represent the 126,000 teachers. The teachers oppose education reforms in Bill 60, legislation now before the Ontario Legislature. They say certain sections of the bill cut them out of the decision-making process. \about the undemocratic nature of this bill,\shared trust of teachers, parents, communities, and government. We want the parents, teachers, and communities to have some input into school policy.\ The government wants teachers to spend time in the classroom, to extend the school year, and to have one standard set of examinations so students across the province are measured uniformly. The government also wants the freedom to make significant spending cuts. The premier of Ontario, Michael Harris, bought television time after the strike was announced to explain his government's reforms. Harris, who wa elected on a promise to cut taxes, said Ontario school taxes has doubled over the past 10 years performance on international test scores has declined. \from the blank-check spending mentality that has failed, to a new accountability where we focus on the student in the classrooms,\harris.\ Harris criticized the time high school teachers spend in the classroom, just 3.75 hours a day. He also wants to use people other than teachers to handle non-academic subjects, such as car repair. The premier moved to win the support of parents by ordering local school boards to pay parents $ 40 a day to cover daycare costs while the teachers are out on strike. The talks have been so acrimonious that earlier this month the premier fired the
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education minister and appointed a new one, David Johnson, a move that has done little to placate the teachers. High school student Sarah Wright feels caught up in a political war. \she says. \through. If it goes on for a couple of months, I'll go to another province to finish high school. This is stupid.\ Local school boards, who employ the teachers, say they may take legal action against the union leaders and maybe the teachers who do not show up for work today.
4. Why do Ontario teachers oppose the government's education reforms?
5. What does Ontario government say about the current education situation in high schools? 6. Why does the author cite the example of Sarah Wright?
Questions 7~10 http://tr.hjenglish.com
A sharp rise in the abortion rate after the health scare over the contraceptive Pill will be revealed in official figures to be released on Thursday, raising fresh criticism of ministers over their handling of the affair. The number of abortions leapt by 6.7 per cent in November in the aftermath of the 1995 Pill scare, but the latest figures are expected to show a further worrying increase as the full impact begins to be felt. The release of the abortion statistics by the Government will be coupled with a report by the
Government's expert advisory body, the Committee on the Safety of Medicines, which is expected to stand by the action which led to the scare. Stephen Dorrell, the Secretary of State for Health, who will face questions today in the Commons, was criticised for \ The CSM was criticised by the World Health Organisation for the way the information it passed on about the possible link between the contraceptive pill and thrombosis was released in Britain. But ministers bore the brunt of the criticism for their handling of the crisis which led to GPs being flooded with inquiries, and claims that women had suffered unwanted pregnancies because they had stopped taking their contraceptives. Chris Smith, labour's spokesman for health, said last night:\in the number of abortions carried out after some brands of the Pill were withdrawn in October 1995. The main culprit is the
Government, which bungled the announcement and failed to ensure that GPs and family planning professionals had the news before the public did. As a result many women--unable to get through to their doctor--simply stopped taking the Pill altogether. I fear that the new figures will show a further rise.\ The advisory committee made it clear that women should continue to take their
contraceptive pill, until they were able to see their doctor or visit their family planning clinic. However, many women panicked after the warnings that they may be at risk. The criticism of ministers was increased because the warnings were leaked, before GPs has been informed. Mr. Dorrell defended his role, stressing that the advisory committee has advised there was \communicate the new evidence and appropriate recommendations to the professions and to the public prior to publication of the evidence.\ The figures for the first quarter of 1996 showed a 2,688 rise in the number of abortions to a total 42,990--the highest number sine 1990. The latest figures cover the period April to July last year, which could spell out the human tragedy for women who told doctors the unwanted pregnancies has ruined their lives. The issue is also likely to highlight the campaign by the Pro-life Alliance, which is threatening to field more than 50 anti-abortion candidates in the election, and within the next two weeks will release a graphic film depicting the facts about abortion for use as an election broadcast on British television screens.
7. Why is there a sharp rise in the abortion rate over the past few years in Britain?
8. What does the abbreviation CSM stand for? Why was it criticised by the World Health Organisation?
9. What viewpoint do Chris Smith, Labour's spokesman for health, and Mr. Dorrell have in common about the warning of contraception pills? 10.Explain the word \
SEC 在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。然后，人类音乐传 播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者无疑是科学家们。他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，
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人最早的机械“留声机”到今天五花八门的“ 子媒体”。在20世纪诸多的音乐传播 手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临着严峻的挑战。
Part A: Spot Dictationhttp://tr.hjenglish.com
1. formal committee meetings 2. several reasons 3. feel more committed to 4. imaginative and informed decisions 5. have drawbacks 6. more group pressure 7. seem to be ideal sizes 8. from the floor
9. the style of its leader 10. let everyone speak 11. take a vote 12. seconded and discussed 13. a consensus of members 14. circulated in advance 15. a list of points 16. is to speed up 17. in logical order 18. the meeting s function 19. structured and planned 20. chance conversations
Part B: Listening comprehension
1-5 B D C C B 6-10 C C C D B 11-15 D B A C B 16-20 D A C B D
SECTION 2: READING TEST http://tr.hjenglish.com
1-5 B C D A C 6-10 D B B D A 11-15 C B A A D 16-20 D B A C C
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
“责任”、荣誉”和“国家”这三个神圣的词庄严地责成你们应成为怎样的人，能成为怎样的人，将成为怎样的人。这三个词要求你们在失去勇气时鼓起勇气，在失去信念时 恢复信念，在失去希望时产生希望。我认灾，这些词教导你们在真正失败时要自尊和不屈 不挠，在成功时要谦和，不要以言代行，不要寻求安逸，而要面对困难和挑战的压力；要 学会在风浪中傲然几立，而对失败者应该予以同 ；要有纯洁的心灵，要有崇高的目标； 要能笑会哭；要走向未来，但不可过去；要为人持重，但不可自命不凡；要谦虚，这样就 会记住真正的伟大在于纯朴，真正的智慧在于开明，真正的刚毅在于温柔。简而言之，这 些词教导你们在成为一名勇猛之士的同时，也要成为一位谦谦君子。
1. Ten 2. adult / adolescent 3. egocentricity 4. receive 5. object/target 6. attachment 7. loses 8. father 9. differences 10. unconditional 11.Net/fulfilled 12. expectation 13. relationship 14. natural 15. law 16. adventure 17. world 18. conditional 19. positive 20. withdrawn
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation http://tr.hjenglish.com
1. 就我所知，妇女几乎在所有岗位上比男性同事受到的压力小，也更善于应付。
2. 我们采访了300 多位来自试图实施办公自动化的不同机构的人，但是看来成功的实例很 少。
3. 政治分析家说，在这个非洲国家，暴力已达到一个危机 ，对该国刚产生的民主体制构 成了重大威胁。 4. 暴风雨使城里大片地区数千居民的电力供应中断，使学校和许多工厂关门。
5. 一位叫约翰逊的先生从洛杉矶打来长途电话，说他们还未收到我们寄出的样品。他们等 得心急了。
1. 外出度假时，明智的做法是把家里的钥匙交给一位邻居或亲戚，一旦发生紧急 况可以 入内。请他们把信箱中的邮件取走，别忘记取消订的牛奶和报纸。把你住的旅馆的电话 号码留给他们。到达后，打电话告诉他们你的房间号，如果他们需要和你联系，找你就 不会发生问题。 2. 我们60％的雇员在欧洲以外的地区，在我们的了公司和联营公司工作。这可以向你们 表明我们公司的国际化的程度。我们还在美国新开设了一家研究机械，考虑到过去三四 年里我们在那个国家的经营规模和市场份额的扩大，这是不可避免的。
SECTION 5：READING TEST http://tr.hjenglish.com
1. According to the passage, the major task of MASSPIRG and other watchdog groups is to protect consumer rights and to advocate environmental protection/conservation. They watch/ observe the situation of environment pollution, supervise the operations of industries and government agencies related to such issues and make suggestions on measures of environment protection.
2. The recycling of used paper can save trees and other natural / raw materials, reduce the use of harmful chemicals, save energy and reduce pollution / contribute to the conservation of environment.
3. The expression / phrase “virgin material”refers to unused / natural material (s) such trees and plants. The expression “phenomenal
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growth”means extraordinary / outstanding / significant development / increase.
4. The teachers oppose the government's education reforms because they think bill 60 is not democratic and deprives them of their rights. They think / hold that teachers should be involved in school / education policy decision-making.
5. The government is not satisfactory with the current situation, mainly the declining of students peformance on international test scores, the doubling of school expenditure over the past ten years and less teaching time teachers spend in the classroom. The government is planning to adopt some measures of reform.
6. The author tries to show different attitudes of students towards teachers strike. Although many students are on the teachers side, for students preparing for college / university study, they can be the victims of the teachers strike, and the example of Sarah Wright shows such dissatisfaction.
7. Because a large number of women have stopped taking contraceptives. The warnings about the possible link between the
contraceptives and the fatal disease thrombosis has led them to the conclusion that taking such pills would be very dangerous / harmful to their health.
8. CSM stands for the Committee on the Safety of Medicine. It was criticized by the WHO for its improper way of releasing the information about the possible link between contraceptive pills and thrombosis, which has aroused great panic among women. 9. Both of them hold the view that the general practitioners and family planning professionals should be informed of the warnings and proper recommendations first.
10.The word “culprit”originally means an offender / one in fault / a guilty person, here it is used to refer to someone who is responsible for something. The phrase “spell out ”means “give explicit / clear explanation of something / make clear the meaning of something. ”
SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST http://tr.hjenglish.com
For a very long period of historical development, mankind could only pass on music though performance and oral instruction. When mankind invented musical scores, music started to break away from the boundaries of being merely a performing art, and develop into a system of “ritten symbols”that can be recorded and spread. Undoubtedly, however, it was the scientists who should be crowned as the founders of the real revolutionary milestone of human musical communication. Scientists invented marvelous means of music transmission, beginning from the earliest mechanical “record turntable”to today's many kinds of “electronic media”. Among the numerous means of music transmission of the 20 century, the creation and development of radio broadcasting played an extremely important role in the industry of music transmission.
Nevertheless, the rapid development of high technology has brought serious challenges to China's radio music workers in the new century
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1998年3月英语高级口译考试笔试
Business people spend quite a lot of time in meetings and meetings come in all shapes and sizes: ranging from ____________(1) to informal one-to-one meetings. There are _____________(2) why meetings are held: reaching decisions in a meeting means that all the participants can ________ (3) the decision: more information is available; and different ideas can be contributed. Meetings can lead to more________(4): often more courageous decisions than one person might feel brave enough to make. But meetings
also_____________(5): more time is required; there's more talk, sometimes irrelevant and repetitive; and__________________(6). The more people t meeting, the here are at a longer it may take to reach a decision. There_____________(7) for meetings, depending on the purpose a meeting where information is being given to people can be quite large, as
questions________________(8) may be asked by a few individuals on everyone else's behalf. The way a committee operates often depends on__________________(9) or chairperson: he or she may control the proceedings or__________(10) whenever they want. An effective chairperson should be flexible. In some meetings the mernbers have to________(11) before a decision can be made: formal proposals or “motions ” may have to be tabled,_________(12) before a vote can taken. Other meeting may require__________(13) everyone has to agree. Most meetings have an agenda. For a formal meeting, this document may
be____________(14) to all participants.For an informal meeting, the agenda may simply be____________(15) that have to be dealt with. The purpose of an agenda______________(16) the meeting and keep everyone to the point. The agenda for a formal meeting must be organized_______________(17). Often the agenda shows not only the topics but also ____________(18) regarding each topic. All items on which a decision is to be taken should appear on the agenda. One-to-one small informal meetings also tend to be ___________ (19). They are different from _____________ (20) in a corridor or over coffee. Small informal meetings may also take place or continue during a meal.
Part B: Listening Comprehension http://tr.hjenglish.com
1. (A) The comparison in cost of living between different countries. (B) The advantages and disadvantages of working in different places.
(C) Where to spend their forthcoming holidays. (D) Which university their eldest son should attend. 2.(AHamburg. (B) Frankfurt. (C) Munich. (D) Berlin. 3. (A) It is the highest. (B) It is the lowest.
(C) It comes in between the other twojobs. (D) No such comparison is made in the conversation.
4. (A) One year. (B) Around two years. (C) No more than five years. (D) Between five and ten years. 5. (A) The cost of living Germany is approximately the same as in Britain.
(B) They agree that Munich would be the best city to live in. (C) The Frankfurt job will help the man's career most. (D) Their children don't like winter sports.
6. (A) The project will go ahead whatever happens. (B) The project has to be cancelled because it's too expensive. (C) The project will stop if the U.S. and Russia reach a new arms agreement. (D) The project will be debated in Congress before he approves it.
7. (A) The United Kingdom. (B) Belgium. (C) The United States. (D) Russia. 8. (A) 7.5% (B) 8% (C) 12% (D) 13%
9. (A) He visited an exhibition of robots. (B) He talked with a group of car manufacturers. (C) He chaired an industrial meeting. (D) He opened a new car factory.
10.(A) Water pollution. (B) Hot weather. (C) An excessive demand for water. (D) Bad management of the local water authorities.
11.(A) She had originally been trained at college for that job. (B) She has been suffering from serious anorexia.
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(C) She found the job terribly enjoyable.
(D) She went into the job more or less by chance.
12.(A) An infant teacher. (B) A child psychologist. (C) An exercise teacher. (D) A hypnotist. 13.(A) Because she thought thejob wasn't very exciting. (B) Because the pay wasn't so good as she had expected. (C) Because she has developed a serious eating problem. (D) Because she was going to leave America. 14.(A) Because she has made a mistake in teaching exercises. (B) Because she was impressed by his skill. (C) Because she has got a minor eating problem. (D) Because she intended to go into this profession. 15.(A) People with various sleeping problems. (B) Peoople who has very low self images. (C) People who were putting on weight. (D) People who wanted to go into the profession. 16.(A) The board of directiors. (B) The company shareholders. (C) The department managers of the company. (D) A group of investment analysts. 17.(A) The company's past performance. (B) The company's expansion plan.
(C) The promotion of the company's new product. (D) The improvement of the company's management. 18.(A) Advertising. (B) Market analysis and counselling. (C) Home security systems. (D) Grass mowers.
19.(A) Bad market conditions. (B) Competition from rivals. (C) Faulty products. (D) Inadequate after-sales service. 20.(A) 1.1 million dollars. (B) 5.5 million dollars. (C) 5.6 million dollars. (D) 6.6 million dollars.
The final irony in the case of the Bridgewater Three is that they might have has a far better chance of a new life if they had committed a crime. As Michael and Vincent Hickey and James Robinson try to come to terms with the last 18 years, they will receive none of the help or rehabilitation that convicted criminals could expect. Psychologists and probation officers say the effect on those wrongfully convicted can be compared to hostages held in the Middle East. Many face severe depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. \has in prisons for nearly 30 years. \long time. \feelings of depression.\ People who were wrongfully held often did suffer post-traumatic stress disorder:\over and over the case. They can't get shot of it. They keep reliving the experience.\ He said there were four main stages people went through: \is anger and resentment that it happened in the first place. After that they may become emotionally drained and depressed. They feel like they are disappearing down the black hole. Then there is the final adjustment and acceptance but you don't know how long it can take.\ It is a familiar tale to previous victims of injustice. A year after his release Paddy Hill, one of the Birmingham Six, said in a newspaper interview:\jail.\ In the cases of the Guildford Four, they found different ways of adjusting. While Gerard Conlon achieved fame and money through his best-selling autobiography, In the Name of the Father, and Paul Hill married into the Kennedy clan, the other two, Patrick Armstrong and Carole Richardson, have quietly faded into anonymity. In purely practical terms the Bridgewater Three will have to adjust to a very different world to the one they left in 1979. Since then the Cold War has ended, the Berlin Wall has come down and Nelson Mandela has been released. In day-to-day life back in 1979, simple electronic calculators were prized pieces of advanced technology, office workers used typewriters and the equivalents of desk-top PCs took up small rooms. Remote controls for televisions were still a thing of the future as were hole-in-the-wall cash dispensers.\Gisli Gudj onsson, reader in forensic psychology at the University of London. \differences in technology. They may find it terrifying to get on a bus or a train or the Tube. And if people are let out suddenly they have no opportunity to adjust.\ This is the major problem psychologists agree that the Bridgewater Three face. They will not have had any preparation which long-term prisoners normally receive and they will not be supervised by the probation service on their release. For the convicted criminal, the probation service must make sure there is accommodation arranged, that prisoners are signed on at social security and are connected to employment serices. With no such service for the wrongfully convicted, they could even have problems even with tasks such as opening a bank account.
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1. According to passage, which of the following is NOT true about the Bridgewater Three?
(A) They werejailed eighteen years ago. (B) They were released after the completion of their prison terms. (C) They have been found not guilty after 18 years of imprisonment. (D) They are victims of injustice. 2. The statement \
(A) They do not know how to face the future. (B) They are too excited to believe they are free.
(C) They are unable to rid themselves of the emotional disorder. (D) They do not learn the lesson from their imprisonment. 3. It can be concluded that all of the foolowing statements about the Bridgewater Three, the Birmingham Six and the Guidford Four are true EXCEPT that _______.
(A) they are the victims of injustice (B) they face the difficulty of adjustment after release (C) they were wrongfully held in prison for a number of years (D) they win their freedom through their own struggle 4. The author listed (in para. 8) a number of changes in political, social and day-to-day life mainly to show ______. (A) how difficult it is for the Bridgewater Three to adjust to the world today (B) how fast the world will have been changing when crimes are under control
(C) how advanced the modern technology has become (D) how close the relationship is between politics and science 5. In writing the last paragraph of the passage the author ______.
(A) gives the summery of the article (B) lists more examples of the injustice done to the Bridgewater Three (C) shows the different treatments the Bridgewater Three and convicted criminals receive (D) criticizes openly the injustice imposed on the Bridgewater Three
Question 6~10 http://tr.hjenglish.com
Displaying a giant banner protesting global warming, Greenpeace, the confrontational environmental group that has known better days, on Wednesday brought its campaign against oil exploration in the arctic to downtown Los Angeles. Two activists climbed 13 stories up Atlantic Richfield's 51-story building before unfurling a banner featuring a polar bear and reading \Warming, Chill the Drills.\ Greenpeace has chosen the bear as a symbol because of scientific concerns about the vulnerability of arctic wildlife to global warming as icebergs melt and the northern habitat heats. Five people were arrested at the demonstration, which caused police to temporarily close portions of two streets and snarled downtown traffic for hours as Fire Department personnel positioned huge air bags on the ground in case the climbers fell. For Greenpeace, the demonstration was one of several recent protests, after a reorganization over the summer, that mark a reemphasis of the sort of dramatic direct action that made the group famous. After a steep decline in U.S. membership that saw the rolls drop to 420,000 from more than 1 million in 1991, the organization earlier this year closed 10 field offices across the country. It also began calling attention to some of its less controversial work--its efforts to develop a more energy-efficient car and its lobbying for tougher restrictions on the huge \trawlers widely blamed for depleting worldwide fish populations. But in September, members of the group launched a small flotilla of inflatable dinghies into Alaska's Becaufort Sea in an effort to prevent a huge floating oil rig from moving to a drill site in coastal waters off the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Greenpeace has targeted Arco because of the company's plans to look for oil just off the arctic refuge, the home of an extraordinary array of northern wildlife. Although drilling operations could lead to spills or accidents that might harm bears, whales and birds, Greenpeace says its main concern is the long-term climate effects of oil
dependency. The burning of fossil fuels is considered to be the primary way people contribute to global warming. Al Greenstein, a company spokeaman, said that Greenpeace was wrong to equate arctic oil drilling with global warming. \issue. It's a matter of consumption,\come, the choice is whether to import oil or develop our own sources.\ The five Los Angeles protesters were arrested on suspicion of trespassing.
6. The expression \ (A) it has once achieved more successes (B) it has once has a larger membership
(C) it has once organized more direct actions (D) it has once been involved in more controversial issues
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7. The expression \\ (A) save the polar bears (B) stop the oil exploration (C) reduce the consumption of fossil fuels (D) destroy the drilling apparatus 8. Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the passage?
(A) Greenpeace has had a sharp decline in membership. (B) Greenpeace has changed its tactics. (C) Greenpeace has resumed dramatic direct actions. (D) Greenpeace has undergone reorganization. 9. According to the passage, the five protesters were arrested at the demonstration under the accusation that _____. (A) they stopped the traffic for hours (B) they destroyed part of the building
(C) they invaded private property without permission (D) they organised and headed up the demonstration 10.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
(A) Greenpeace Targets Arco Building in Latest Protest (B) Five Protesters Arrested at Greenpeace Demonstration (C) Polar Bears: Central Concern of Greenpeace (D) Oil Production vs. Oil Consumption: Global Warming
Questions 11~15 http://tr.hjenglish.com
Oscar Wilde, the celebrated wit and playwright who ended his days in disgrace and ruin, is finally being remembered in the way he wanted. As he put it:\father to both my children.\ A century after his release, Britain is going wild for Wilde. His comedies, such as The Importance of Being Earnest, (which he described as \repertory theatres around the country, and in the next few months his personality and cultural impact will be explored in a west End play, two screen versions and a new biography. The film Wilde, due out in the autumn and starring actor and author Stephen Fry, intends to balance his homosexuality, for which he was imprisoned, with his love for his wife, Constance, and two sons. The producers, brothers Marc and Peter Samuelson, said they felt that the Victorian writer's scandalous affair with Lord Alfred \Douglas, which led to his downfall, painted an \ Directed by Brian Gilbert, the film focuses on 15 years of Wilde's life, when most of his great works, including The Importance of Being Earnest and An Ideal Husband, were written. The script is adapted from Richard Ellmann's definitive biography, and Vanessa Redgrave plays Wilde's mother. Only now, says Fry, is his subject receiving the universal respect that is his due.\moral code,\ Because of today's more liberal attitudes, the film is likely to be more sexually explicit than previous studies which could not focus enough on homosexuality, and instead merely alluded to sexual practices which Wilde himself called \ The actor Simon Callow has been winning rave reviews for The Importance of Being Oscar, a one-man show at the Savoy Theatre which opened last week, in which he attempts to humanise, rather than eulogise the playwright. \said. \ Wilde's grandson, Merlin Holland, has given the show his enthusiastic backing. He hinself is working on a new book about his ancestor's life, and he said yesterday:\Importance of Being Earnest, but his private life you just didn't ask about.\ \and the whole man is there is delightful. I'm very happy about that.\ Also in progress is a film version of Wilde's play The Ideal Husband, which is about a cabinet minister revered by all women as being the ideal man, yet who hides his corruption behind a facade. Wilde himself has already won a kind of establishment acceptance. In 1995, he was finally given the stamp of approval with an inscription on a new stained-glass window at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. Even the present Marquess of Queensberry, descendant of the man who put Wilde behind bars for sodomy, was reported to havejoined the Oscar Wilde Society. But Professor Alan Sinfield, author of The Wilde Century, says that the image of Wilde, as a consequence of the trials, set up the notion of the queer man of the 20th century. \
queerness and the one that's at the Haymarket with all sorts of knights and ladies.\the two together. The fact that newest productions were doing so could signify an increasingly enlightened attitude towards
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homosexuality--or \full man,\
11. All of the following plays were written by the playwright Oscar Wilde EXCEPT_____. (A) The Importance of Being Earnest (B) Lady Windermere's fan (C) The Importance of Being Oscar (D) The Ideal Husband
12. The word \of the following?
(A) ill fate (B) immoral character (C) vicious intention (D) mental weakness 13. The present Marquess of Queensberry is mentioned in the passage to show that ________.
(A) Wilde is still quite popular with the public (B) Wilde is no longer condemned for his homosexuality (C) people remember Wilde in the way he wanted (D) the change of attitude toward Wilde is radical enough 14. It can be concluded from Professor Alan Sinfield's comment that _______.
(A) there are two contrastive images of the playwright Oscar Wilde (B) there are two Oscar Wildes in British literary history (C) the two Oscar Wildes could never agree with each other (D) the playwright Oscar Wilde changed his personality later in life 15. Which of the following is NOT true about the playwright Oscar Wilde according to the passage? (A) Wilde has been considered a controversial figure over the past century. (B) There is a strong revival of interest in both Wilde's plays and his personality. (C) The reevaluation of Oscar Widle is more objective and humanistic. (D) The British public fully accept Wilde's homosexuality.
Questions 16~20 http://tr.hjenglish.com
All men can trace their ancestry back to one man who lived 150,000 years ago and whose closest living relatives are a small tribe in South Africa, according to scientists who have spent a decade searching for the original Adam. Research into the human Y chromosome--which sons only inherit from their fathers--has pinpointed the time and place where just one man gave rise to the male genetic ingredients of all men alive today. The geneticists have also located the oldest direct descendants of this Adam, whom they say lived alongside an African Eve who was identified in similar studies 10 years ago. The khoisan people of South Africa, some with a hunter-gatherer tradition stretching back thousands of years, share most of the genetic traits that first arose when Adam hunted game and collected berries in his African Garden of Eden. Two independent investigations of minute mutations on the Y chromosome pinpointed the Khoisan people, who are also known as Bushmen or Hottentots, as the only ethnic group to possess so many ancient remnants of the original Adam. Dr. Michael Hammer, a geneticist at the University of Arizona, analysed the Y chromosome of more than 1,500 men selected from ethnic groups around the world and found a clear line of descendent from the African Adam to the present-day Khoisan people. \who lived in Africa. We have evidence that the Y chromosomes in all men today trace back to one African male at some time in the past,\hominid ancestors, but his Y chromosome survived the change in the way we look.\ By studying the variety of mutations in the Y chromosome of men alive today, Hammer's team was able to determine how long it has taken these genetic changes to arise and where the original source came from. He found that the Khoisan, who speak a unique click language, preserved an ancient genetic signal as well as an old cultural heritage. \［human family］tree that traces all the way back to Adam is represented today by the Khoisan people,\We don't find it at all in European populations and it is present in very low levels, 2% or 3%, in other African groups.\ A separate study of Y chromosomes by Dr. Peter Oefner, a senior researcher at Stanford University in California, also supports the link between Adam and the Khoisan, who now live in South Africa but whose ancestors probably emigrated from the Rift Valley of east Africa where Homo sapiens is believed to have evolved. The scientists said the research does not support the biblical story of a single man and woman in a Garden of Eden. \
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