Unit 2 Cloning，Module 8
【单元目标】 一. 话题
Cloning 二．词汇
1．七级词汇：
保证 焦虑的 准确的,精确的
????????????????????????????????????????? ２．八级词汇：
evaluate undertake arbitrary_____________
????????????????????????????????????????? 3．短语:
沮丧 支持 一定,注定____________
????????????????????????????????????????? 三．重点句子背诵
1. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 2. 3.
????????????????????? 四．单元语法练习(同位语) 五．语法专项
强调句（The emphasized sentence）
典例背诵
1．It was in Greece that the Olympic Games firstly started.
2．It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was the famous film star.
????????????????????????????????????????? 【双基复习】 一．重点单词
1. differ
vi.不同；相异
1）Ccould you explain how the pictures differ? 你能解释这些图片怎么不一样吗？
2）While civilizations in the world differ from one another in the length of history, none of them is superior to any other. 世界各国的文明有历史长短之分，但并无优劣高下之别。
3）He differs with his cousin on political views. 在政治观点上他与表兄并不一致。 （请以词性来列项目，如： water
n.水；大片的水；水域 1）例子??? 2）例子??? 3）例子???
vt.浇（水） 例子??? 用法归纳
???等等)
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用法归纳
1）differ from 与…不同（=be different ）
2）differ with sb on/over/about sth 就…与某人持不同意见 联想拓展
1）tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B的区别 2）make a difference 有影响，有作用
3）make no difference 没有影响，没有作用 词义辨析 differ与range
例：(1)The price of apples in the south differs from that in the north. 南北方苹果价格不尽相同。
(2)The prices of MP4 players differ from 80 yuan to 800 yuan in the shop. It depends on which brand the MP4 playeris. 那个店铺所卖的MP4的价格从80元到800元不等。它是根据的品牌不同而不同。
所以，differ from意为“…不同于…”；而range from…to…意为“从…到…(范围)变化着”。 2．Forbid
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 二．重点短语
1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
1）Practise listening a great deal and it will pay off when you come to speak English. 如果进行大量听力练习，那么，当你开口说英语时就会说得好（有好结果）。
2）After working hard for ten years, he paid off all his debts. 辛辛苦苦干了10年的活，他把所有的债务都还清了。
3）He will pay you off for all you did to him in the past.他会报复你过去对他所做的一切。 用法归纳
pay off 取得好结果，或取得成功；这时主语常常是事而不是人。 pay off 偿清，还清；后常接“债务”“贷款”等作宾语。 pay of报复；后接人做宾语。 联想拓展
pay back 偿还；回报；向?报复 pay up ?????? pay for????
例：１) I’m sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you. 我敢肯定，他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。
２）It is not necessary for you to pay him back blow for blow.你对他以牙还牙以报复是没有必要的。
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2.cast down ????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 〖词汇运用〗 1）（精典的选择题，如前些年的高考题；题数可根据各单元内容多少而异，原则上不超过15题） 2）
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3）
?????????????????????????? 三．重点句型
1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来多莉病重的坏消息。
这是一完全倒装句。句子的主语是the disturbing news,谓语动词是came；由于副词then放在句首，句子采用完全倒装。 句型精析
当副词then, here, there, in, out, up, down, away等放句首，或用作地点状语的介词短语放句首时，如果主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词或系动词，那么，句子常采用完全倒装。如：
1） Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 2）There goes the bell. 铃声响了。
3) Down came the rain. 雨落下来了。
4) On the bed lay an old man. 床上躺着一个老人。
2．Cloning???????????????????????
〖句型运用〗(题数可根据各单元内容多少而异，原则上5至8题为宜，题目以完成翻译题)
1．门开了，走进一位陌生人。（完全倒装）
Ｔhe door opened and a stranger.
2．???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
四．单元语法练习(同位语)（单元语法练习为10至15题的精典的选择题，如前些年的高考题）
1) This is the idea ______ he has kept in his mind for many years.（2007陕西） A. why B. that C. for which D. for that
2) She had some doubt ______ she could pass the college entrance examination.(2010福州质检)
A. whether B. that C. why D. when 3)????????? ?????????? 五．语法专项
强调句 1.基本概念
所谓强调,就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以突出、强调。表示强调的手段很多，如语法强调、词汇强调和修辞强调。这里重点讨论强调句型“It + be 的适当形式（is/was）+ 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分”。
2．基本用法
1）It was in Greece that the Olympic Games firstly started.奥林匹克运动会就是在希腊首次开始举行的。
2）It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasn’t it?是昨天晚上11点我知道这个好消息的，不是吗？
3）It was because he was seriously ill that he didn’t go to school yesterday.是因为他病得历害，所以昨天才没有去上学。
4）It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.真到好摘下墨镜我们才认出她就是那位影星。
5）It is I who am going to Beijing next week. 是我将于下周去北京。
6）It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.并非仅仅是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。
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7）Was it during the Second World War that he died?他是在第二次世界大战期间死的吗？ 8）It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf of our class.肯定是约翰将代表我们班参赛。
9）Where was it that you meet Tom yesterday?昨天你是在哪儿碰到汤姆的？ 可见， 此句型可以强调谓语动词以外的任何成份。 3．注意点
1）在本结构中，it无意义，但不能换成this或that；若原句的时态是现在时或将来时，be用is；若原句是过去时，则be用was，有时也可根据需要在be前加上may,might,must等情态动词如例句8）；若被强调部分是人，引导词用who或that均可（若强调部分是作宾语的人，也可用whom）如例句5）与8）；若是强调其他部分，则一律用that。译成汉语时，常加上“正是??”等字眼。
2）被强调代词的格应与原句保持一致，其谓语动词与原句的主语保持一致。
3）强调结构也有其否定、疑问和感叹形式。特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调，构成“疑问词 + be + it + that + 剩余部分”结构；如例句9）。思考：如果强调定语从句的关系代词与副词，或名词性从句的连接代词与连接副词，那么会构成什么样的句型？
4）强调结构的反意疑问句，其附加问句中的主语用it而不用句中的主语。 5)对not?until ?结构中的状语进行强调时，not需置于被强调的部分中，构成 “It is/was not until ? that?”结构；如例句4）。
6）本结构不能用来强调让步状语从句。原因状语从句只有由because引导时才可以被强调。 〖语法运用〗(10至15道精典的选择题，如前些年的高考题)
请从下面A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最合适的一项完成句子。
1. It was in Indonesia, the UN officials believe, the tsunani caused the greatest damage.(2009天津) A. where B. which C. when D.that
2. It was in the factory __produced TV sets our friend was murdered.(2010厦门质检) A. which, which B. that, which C. that, that D. where, that ……………………………
10. It was last year you taught me how to drive . A.when B.that C.where D.which
(选修7第三单元与选修8最后一个单元，以“书面表达策略1--8”代替“语法专项”)
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