Unit 2
Part 1 Language Skills Development
1. Starter A. Look at the following pictures. Think over these questions.
1. What ways of getting rich do these pictures suggest?
Reference answer： The four pictures represent four different ways of getting rich. The first picture suggests that one can get rich quick by buying stocks. The second picture shows that people can become rich through inheritance of fortunes, either of their own parents, or of some wealthy persons. The third picture indicates that marriage could be a passport to the kingdom of wealth. That is to say, a man or a woman could be a rich person if his or her spouse is rich. The fourth picture tells people that lotteries make millionaires. 2. Which do you think is the quickest way to get rich?
Reference answer： All these four methods of getting rich quick could turn a penniless guy into a millionaire overnight, but it seems to me that winning a lottery is the quickest way of making people rich. Just pay a dollar or two and you could become a rich person overnight! But on the other hand, such an opportunity is very rare.
B. Listen to the story Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (Part 1) and answer the following questions.
1. What were the magic words used to open and close the cave? They were \2. What did Ali Baba find in the cave?
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He found rich silks and carpets, gold and silver ware, and great bags of gold. 3. What did Ali Baba take from the cave? Many of the bags of gold.
Tapescript:
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
In a town in Persia there lived a poor woodcutter named Ali Baba. One day, Ali Baba was working deep in the forest. Suddenly he heard the noise of many horses. He tied up his two mules behind some high rocks. Then he climbed into a tall tree to hide.
From up high in the tree, Ali Baba saw forty men on forty horses. Each man wore a saber and a dagger in his belt. They looked very fierce. Ali Baba could see at once that they were thieves.
The forty thieves dismounted in front of a huge rock, and one, who seemed to be captain, said, \them.
Ali Baba could hardly believe what he had seen! He did not dare to climb down from his tree—the thieves might come out at any moment and find him. He waited a long time.
At last the door opened, and the forty thieves came out. Their captain said, \door closed, and the forty thieves rode away.
When they were out of sight Ali Baba came down from the tree. He walked up to the huge rock and said, \Ali Baba stepped inside. He found himself in a large cave, lighted from a hole in the top, and full of all kinds of treasure—rich silks and carpets, gold and silver ware, and great bags of gold. He loaded his two mules
Mind Map Persia n. mule n. 波斯（现称伊朗） 骡子 下马，下（自行、摩托）车 with as many of the bags of gold as they could carry, dismount vi. and, after closing the door by saying, \ sesame n. 芝麻 made his way home.
2. Text Info Box 1. Mark Edgemon Mark Edgemon has been writing for 30 years. He writes and publishes short stories, articles, poetry and scripts, as well as, produces audio comedy productions for over 700 radio stations nationwide. The works of Mark Edgemon can be found at http://www.all-creatures.org/stories/edgemon.html. 2. The Egyptian Pyramid The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry (砖石结构) structures located in Egypt. There are over 100 pyramids in Egypt. Most were built as tombs for the country's Pharaohs (the rulers who were the religious and political leaders of ancient Egypt) and their consorts (配偶) during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. The best known Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The shape of Egyptian pyramids is thought to represent the primordial (原始的) mound from which the Egyptians believed the earth was created. The shape is also thought to be representative of the descending rays of the sun, and most pyramids were faced with polished, highly reflective white limestone (石灰石), in order to give them a brilliant appearance when viewed from a distance. The Egyptians believed the dark area of the night sky around which the stars appear to revolve was the physical gateway into the heaven. One of the narrow shafts that extend from the main burial - 2 -
chamber through the entire body of the Great Pyramid points directly towards the center of this part of the sky. This suggests the pyramid may have been designed to serve as a means to magically launch the deceased Pharaoh's soul directly into the abode (住所) of the gods. All Egyptian pyramids were built on the west bank of the Nile, which as the site of the setting sun was associated with the realm of the dead in Egyptian mythology. 3. Egypt and Asyut Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers. Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the pyramid complex and the Great Sphinx (狮身人面像). Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East. Asyut is the capital of the modern Asyut Governorate, Egypt. The city of Asyut has almost 400,000 inhabitants. It is home to the University of Asyut, one of the largest universities in Egypt. Every Orifice Needs a Stone by Mark Edgemon
每个小孔都需要一颗宝石
1 Getting rich quick is nice if you can do it, but the phrase
1 一夜暴富当然不错。但这常常意
如果想以此致usually implies acquiring great sums of wealth with very 味着大量财富唾手可得。
little effort. If that is the method of study, I wouldn't hold 富的话，我认为希望渺茫。 your breath.
2 然而，这种想法非常普遍，否则
2 However, if that weren't a popular notion, millions of 每次彩票抽奖也就不会有数以百万计dollars wouldn't roll in every time there was a lottery 的美元滚滚而来。 somewhere.
3 城里正在巡展古埃及文物，许多
尤其3 An Egyptian archeological exhibit was touring through 有趣的手工艺品让公众大饱眼福。被认为揭示了town with many interesting artifacts for the public to see. 是其中一份古埃及文献，
One in particular, was an ancient document believed to 获取财富的神秘方法。 uncover a mysterious formula for acquiring wealth.
4 在当地的早报上读到这则新闻之
霍利戴便从邻居家借来了相4 Having read about this ancient document in the early 后，约翰·
edition of the local newspaper, John Holiday borrowed his 机，以便拍下这份文献，供日后研neighbor's camera for the purpose of taking a snapshot of 究。 the document, so he could study it later.
5 拍了一张十分清晰的文献照片之
5 After getting a very clear image of the document, he 后，他便前往图书馆，开始阅读有关现went to the library and started reading books on ancient 已消亡的古代语言的书籍。奇怪的是，
他从languages that are now dead. Strangely enough, John 约翰居然在语言上有潜在的天赋。
had a hidden talent for languages. He never developed 来没有开发过自己的语言或者其他的this or any other talent, because he was lazy. He would 天赋，因为他很懒惰，不管什么事都喜always look for the easy way to do everything he had to 欢走捷径。但是，一夜暴富对他来说极do in life. However in this case, a shot at sudden wealth 具诱惑，是一次不能放过的机会。 was too much of an incentive for him to pass up.
6 他花了几小时就弄清楚了这种语
6 In a few hours, he figured out the code of the language 言代码，并开始解读这份古文献。这份and began to decipher the ancient text. It told of a statue, 文献说，埃及中部有一座上千年的雕
藏在距一座大金字塔几英里的洞穴thousands of years old, in the central part of Egypt, 像，
还说这座雕像身上有8个小孔，寻hidden in a cave miles from a large pyramid. The text 中，
stated that the statue had eight orifices and that the 宝者必须把珍贵宝石放进每个小孔中，seeker of wealth must place precious gems in each of the 这些宝石还必须按照特别的方式切割，
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holes in the statue. The gems had to be cut in a special 然后以特定的方式嵌入. way and inserted in a specific manner.
7 雕像的嘴里要塞入一块透明的钻
7 A clear diamond was to be inserted into the mouth of 石，右眼眶要填进一块深蓝色的蓝宝the statue, a deep blue sapphire into the right eye socket, 石，左眼眶要放入一块明亮的红宝石，
右耳要放a bright red ruby into the left eye socket, a white pearl 左耳要塞入一颗洁白的珍珠，左边的鼻孔into the left ear, a rare pink topaz into the right ear, a 入一颗珍稀的粉色黄宝石，
右边的鼻孔要填入black onyx into the left nostril, a green emerald into the 要塞进一块黑玛瑙，
right nostril, and a purple amethyst into the navel.
一粒祖母绿，雕像的肚脐要塞入一颗紫
8 The meaning was unclear why this was to be done, but 水晶。
但是John just wanted to become wealthy, so he didn't care. 8 文献没说为什么要这样做，
After extensive research, John determined it would cost 约翰一心想发财，并不在意。经过广泛
约翰计算出买这些宝石加上去approximately 1.2 million dollars to acquire the gems and 的研究，
passage to Egypt. It took him five years to diligently 埃及的路费大约要花费120万美元。create a business and generate that large sum of money. 为此，他花了五年时间，努力工作，并
终于赚足了这么一大9 Once he had the funds, he purchased the gems and a 开办了一家公司，
ticket to the ancient city of Asyut. Once there, he spent 笔钱。
约翰立刻购买了months locating the pyramid and the cave that the 9 一有了这笔钱，
到了Egyptian document had alluded to. Once in the cave, it 宝石和去埃及古城艾斯尤特的票。他花了好几个月才找到那份古埃only took a few minutes to locate the statue that the 那里，
ancient manuscript had described.
及手写本中暗示的金字塔和山洞。进入
他只用几分钟便找到了那座古10 He wasted no time inserting the precious stones into 山洞后，
each hole of the statue. Right before his eyes, the eight 代手写本里描绘的雕像。
gems turned to stone, filling the holes, leaving no trace 10 他迫不及待地把这些宝石塞where the holes used to be.
进雕像的每个孔中。但是，就在他眼皮
11 With great disbelief, he stared at his investment of 底下，八颗宝石变成了石头，填满了原valuable gems, now turned to stones, and wondered what 来的小孔，小孔在一瞬间消失，一丝痕it all meant. Just then, at the foot of the statue, he noticed 迹都没留下。
an inscription, which he could now decipher, which read, 11 约翰眼睁睁地看着自己投资\买来的宝石变成了石头，他难以置信，to do with it.\
百思不得其解。就在这时，他注意到了
12 Was that it? John was terribly disappointed and felt he 雕像底座的一行铭文——他现在能读had been on a fool's errand for the last five years. He 懂了，上面写着：愚者亦能创造财富，returned home and resumed his business, where he 但唯智者知晓用财之道。
continued to expand the company he founded, originally 12 难道就是这样吗！约翰感到五for the purpose of buying the jewels for the statue.
年辛苦，白忙一场，失望至极。于是，
13 One night, as he sat in his new apartment in the 他回到家中，重整旧业，开始拓展自己affluent side of town, he took a look once again at the 当初为了购买雕像所需的宝石而创建photograph of the ancient document that had started his 的公司。
quest for wealth and noticed, for the first time, an 13 一天晚上，他坐在城里富人区
再次看了看那张让他开始inscription at the bottom that he needed a magnifying 的新公寓里，
他第一次发现glass to read. The inscription read, \寻宝历程的古文献照片，
quest, they will have transformed their mind by the use of 文献最下端有一行要用放大镜才能看
这些文字是：凡历此功成者，their faith and will from then on have the power to 清的文字。
overcome in all things and nothing will be impossible to 必脱胎换骨，身心俱新，无坚不摧，无
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them.\
14 As John looked around his luxury apartment and
所不能。
14 约翰环顾着奢华的公寓，回忆
remembered once having trouble paying his rent just five 起就在短短五年前他连房租都付不起short years earlier, he realized that the 1.2 million dollars 的情景。他终于意识到，当初为了探险he shelled out that started this adventure was a really great investment! 而付出的那120万美元，真是一笔值得的投资！
New Words orifice
n. [C] a hole or opening, esp. one in the body （尤指身体上的）孔、穴、腔 lottery
n. 1) [C] （用发行彩票为政府、慈善机构等集资的）抽彩给奖法 France reinstituted its national lottery in 1933. 法国于1933年重新发行了国家彩票。
n. 2) [sing.] (often disapproving) a situation whose success or result is based on luck rather than on effort or careful organization 碰运气的事 Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻靠的是运气。 archeological
a. of or relating to archeology 考古学的 artifact
n. [C] an object that is made by a person, esp. something of historical or cultural interest （尤指有历史或文化价值的）人工制品，手工艺品 mysterious
a. 1) difficult or impossible to understand, explain or identify 神秘的；不可思议的，难以理解的，无法解释的
a. 2) (of people) not saying much about sth., esp. when other people want to know more 诡秘的，故弄玄虚的 formula
n. 1) [C] a particular method of doing or achieving sth. 方法,方案
n. 2) [C] a series of letters, numbers or symbols that represent a rule or law 公式，方程式，计算式
n. 3) [C] a list of things that sth. is made from, giving the amount of each substance to use 配方，处方，药方 snapshot
n. 1) [C] a photograph, esp. one taken quickly （尤指抢拍的）照片 This snapshot hasn't been printed very well. 这张快照没冲洗好。
n. 2) [C, usu. sing.] a short description or a small amount of information that gives you an idea of what sth. is like 简介，简要说明
The letters give us a snapshot of his life abroad. 这些信件使我们对他在海外的生活略有了解。
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incentive
n. [C, U] something that encourages you to do sth. 激励，刺激，鼓励 Some companies offer training as an incentive. 有些公司把提供培训机会作为一种激励。 He hasn't much incentive to work hard. 他缺乏努力工作的动力。 decipher
vt. to succeed in finding the meaning of sth. that is difficult to read or understand 破译；辨认
Human genome project is expected to decipher the genetic codes in the human cells. 人们希望人类基因组计划能破解人类细胞中所隐含的遗传密码。 Can you decipher this letter? 你能解读一下这封信吗？ statue
n. [C] a figure of a person or animal made usually the same size as in real life or larger 雕像，塑像 pyramid
n. [C] （古埃及的）金字塔；锥体，棱锥体 seeker
n. [C] a person who is trying to find or get the thing mentioned 寻找者，寻求者，追求者 gem
n. [C] a precious stone that has been cut and polished and is used in jewellery （经切割打磨的）宝石 sapphire
n. 1) [C, U] a clear, bright blue precious stone 蓝宝石 n. 2) [U] a bright blue color 宝蓝色，天蓝色 socket
n. [C] a curved hollow space in the surface of sth. that another part fits into or moves around in 孔穴，窝，槽，臼 ruby
n. 1) [C] a dark red precious stone 红宝石 n. 2) [U] a dark red color 深红色 pearl
n. [C] a small, hard, shiny white ball that forms inside the shell of an oyster and is of great value as a jewel 珍珠 topaz
n. [C, U] a clear yellow precious stone 黄宝石，黄玉 onyx
n. [U] a type of stone that has layers of different colors in it, usually used for ornaments 缟玛瑙，条纹玛瑙 nostril
n. [C] either of the two openings at the end of the nose that you breathe through 鼻孔 emerald
n. 1) [C, U] a bright green precious stone 祖母绿，绿宝石，翡翠
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n. 2) [U] a bright green color 翡翠绿 purple
a. having the color of blue and red mixed together 紫色的 n. [U] the color of blue and red mixed together 紫色 amethyst
n. [C, U] a purple precious stone, used in making jewellery 紫水晶，紫晶 navel n. [C] 肚脐 extensive
a. 1) including or dealing with a wide range of information 广泛的，广博的 a. 2) covering a large area; great in amount 广大的，大量的 diligently
ad. 孜孜不倦地，勤勉地，刻苦地 allude
vi. to mention sth. in an indirect way 间接提到，暗指，影射
The character's evil nature is constantly alluded to throughout the play. 在整出戏中，该角色的邪恶本性不断地被暗示。
He did not even allude to his elder brother's engagement to Mary. 关于他哥哥与玛丽订婚的事，他只字未提。 manuscript
n. 1) [C] a very old book or document that was written by hand before printing was invented 手写本，手抄本
n. 2) [C] a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed 手稿，原稿 trace
n. [C, U] a mark, an object or a sign that shows that sb./sth. existed or was present 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
vt. 1) to find or discover sb./sth. by looking carefully for them/it 查出，找到；发现，追踪 vt. 2) to find the origin or cause of sth. 追溯，追究 inscription
n. [C] words cut in stone or metal or written in the front of a book 铭文，碑文；题词 errand
n. [C] a job that you do for sb. that involves going somewhere to take a message, to buy sth., to deliver goods, etc. 差使，差事
He often runs errands for his grandmother. 他经常给他的祖母跑腿儿。 expand
vt./vi. 1) to make or become larger or more extensive 扩展，扩充，扩大
vt./vi. 2) to talk more; to add details to what you are saying 细谈；详述，详细阐明 jewel
n. 1) [C] a precious stone such as a diamond, ruby, etc. 宝石
n. 2) [usu. pl.] pieces of jewellery or ornaments that contain precious stones 宝石饰物，珠宝首饰 affluent
a. having a lot of money and a good standard of living 富裕的
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He was born in an affluent family. 他生在富裕人家。 quest
n. [C] a long search for sth., esp. for some quality such as happiness 探索，寻找，追求 vi. to search for sth. that is difficult to find 探索，探求 magnify
vt. to make sth. look bigger than it really is, for example by using a lens or microscope 放大
Phrases and Expressions
hold one's breath
1)to be anxious while you are waiting for sth. that you are worried about 屏息以待，焦虑地等待
He held his breath while the results were read out. 宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
All Europe held its breath to see who would win the election. 全欧洲屏息以待，看谁能赢得这场选举。
2) to stop breathing for a short time 闭气，屏气 Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸，数到十。 roll in
1) to arrive in great numbers or amounts 大量涌入，滚滚而来 Offers of help are still rolling in. 仍然不断有人提供援助。
The tanks rolled in and took control of the capital city. 坦克大量涌入，控制了首都。
2)to arrive late at a place, without seeming worried or sorry 姗姗来迟 Steve rolled in around lunchtime. 到午饭时分，史蒂夫才慢吞吞地来了。
They rolled in very drunk at three o'clock in the morning. 凌晨三点钟，他们才醉醺醺地姗姗而来。 strangely enough
（表示惊奇）奇怪的是，说来也奇怪 pass sth. up
to choose not to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc. 放弃，不要（机会等） Never pass up a chance to learn. 永远不要放弃学习的机会。
Why did you pass up the opportunity to go to university? 你为什么放弃上大学的机会呢？ waste no time (in) doing sth.
to do sth. immediately, without any delay 立刻做某事，不耽误时间做某事 Sandy wasted no time getting to know the boss's daughter. 桑迪不失时机地结识了老板的女儿。
Obama will waste no time pursuing Middle East peace.
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奥巴马会抓紧时间寻求中东和平。 on a fool's errand
involved in a useless journey or task （去/被派去）白白奔走一场，做徒劳无功的事
The people who advised you to come to me for money sent you on a fool's errand. I never lend money.
建议你到我这儿借钱的人让你白跑了一趟，因为我从不借钱给别人。 I'm afraid you're going on a fool's errand. 我想你会徒劳无功。 for the purpose of 为了，因……起见 shell (sth.) out for
to pay a lot of money for something, especially unwillingly （尤指不情愿地）付款，交出 The band shelled out $100,000 for a mobile recording studio. 乐队花了10万美元购置了一间移动录音室。
If you want the repairs done right, you'll have to shell out at least $800. 假如你想彻底修好，你至少得花800美元。
Proper Nouns
Mark Edgemon John Holiday Asyut
3. Questions on the text 1. What's the motive behind buying lottery tickets according to the writer?
Reference answer： It is the idea of getting rich quick, that is, acquiring great sums of wealth with very little effort.
2. What started John's quest for wealth?
Reference answer： It was an ancient document in an Egyptian archaeological exhibit believed to uncover a mysterious formula for acquiring wealth. 3. How did John labor over the ancient document?
Reference answer： He went to the library and started reading books on ancient languages that are now dead. After he figured out the code of the language, he began to decipher the ancient text.
4. What did the ancient text say the seeker of wealth should do about the eight orifices of the statue?
Reference answer： The text stated that the seeker of wealth must place precious gems in each of the holes in the statue. The gems had to be cut in a special way and inserted in a specific manner.
5. How did John feel when the eight gems that he had inserted into each of the holes in the statue turned to stone?
Reference answer： John was terribly disappointed and felt he had been on a fool's errand for the last 5 years.
6. Why did John think that the 1.2 million dollars was a really great investment?
Reference answer： 5 years ago, he had trouble paying his rent, but 5 years later, as a reward for his hard work, he possessed a luxury apartment and ran a company, so he thought the 1.2
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马克·埃吉蒙 约翰·霍利戴
艾斯尤特（埃及中东部城市，位于尼罗河沿岸）
million dollars was a really great investment.
7. What changes had John gone through during the pursuit of treasure?
Reference answer： At first, he was an opportunist, because he wanted to acquire wealth with very little effort. But then, in order to realize his ambition, he worked hard and opened his own company, so he was also a diligent and hard-working person. Finally, he realized what he really got from his adventure, that is, the 1.2 million dollars was a really great investment, so we can say he was a wise man, as well.
8. What lesson does the story want to teach us?
Reference answer： The story wants to tell us that only through diligent work can you acquire wealth.
4. Working with words and phrases A. Find the words (1—6) in the text that fit the items (a—f).
(c)1. generate (a)3. decipher (b)5. transform
a. the genetic code on DNA c. electricity
e. fluency in English
(e)2. acquire b. a motor coach into a mobile home (d)4. locate d. the US on the map (f)6. uncover f. the murder
B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.
1. The problem had been a(lluded) to briefly in earlier discussions.
2. The government is considering an i(ncentive) for drivers to replace old, polluting vehicles with new ones.
3. Sara is in d(isbelief) that her son, of whom the whole family was so proud for being a Canadian Border officer, faces six charges including gunrunning.
4. The grim news continues to r(oll) in about the German economy as the data is being released.
5. With an estimated median household income of $172,945, this Dallas suburb is the most a (ffluent) neighborhood in the country, mostly due to real estate growth 5. Discussion Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small group of 4 to 6 students.
1. To what extent do you agree that \wealth, but only the wise know what to do with it\
Reference answer： For different reasons, opportunities and methods, many people, including very foolish ones, can be
Mind Map
idiot indicator watershed brilliant
rich. For instance, an idiot may be a rich man if he has a rich opportunity adventure father. So wealth is not a sure indicator of the personality of investment
an individual. The watershed between a brilliant person and a foolish person lies in how he/she makes use of his/her wealth. It is only the wise people who know how to deal with their wealth properly. As we all know, Li Jiacheng, the brilliant enterpriser, who is very wealthy, has used his money to do a lot of charity work.
2. Do you think John Holiday in the text was a fool? Why or why not?
Reference answer： After reading the whole story, I don't think John is a fool because he eventually realized that he had learned a good lesson from his adventure, that is, the 1.2 million dollars was a really great investment. So he was a wise man.
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6. Practice: interpreting Several years later, John's 10-year-old son, Mark, happened to see the very ancient document that John kept. He was unable to understand it, so he turned to John for help. They had a conversation as follows. Interpret it into English with your partner.
马克：爸爸，您看，我找到了一份古文献。您知道它是讲什么的吗？
Mark: Dad, look! I found an ancient document. Do you know what it is about? 约翰：噢，是那份古埃及文献啊。它揭示了获取财富的神秘方法。
John: Oh, that ancient Egyptian document. It uncovers a mysterious formula for acquiring wealth. 马克：真的？您是怎么知道的？ Mark: Really? How do you know that?
约翰：或许你不相信，但我确实有语言天赋。
John: Maybe you won't believe it, but I do have a hidden talent for languages. 马克：那这份文献到底说了什么？
Mark: Indeed, what does this document talk about?
约翰：这份文献说，在埃及的中部有一座几千年的雕像，隐藏在距离一座大金字塔好几英里
的山洞中。
John: It tells of a statue, thousands of years old, in the central part of Egypt, hidden in a cave
miles from a large pyramid. 马克：找到雕像就能获得财富吗？
Mark: Will people acquire wealth if they find that statue?
约翰：不是的。首先你得准备一些特别的东西。文献上说这个雕像身上有8个小孔，寻宝人
必须把宝石放进每个小孔中。
John: No, you should prepare some special things first. The text states that the statue had 8 orifices
and that the seeker of wealth must place precious gems in each of the holes in the statue. 马克：那要花费很大一笔钱吧！ Mark: That must cost a lot!
约翰：是啊，差不多120万美元吧。不过这可是一笔真正值得的投资。 John: Um, nearly 1.2 million dollars. But that is a really great investment.
7. Practice: translation A. Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese. Pay special attention to the italicized expressions. 1. However, if that weren't a popular notion, millions of dollars wouldn't roll in every time there was a lottery somewhere.
然而，这种想法非常普遍，否则每次彩票抽奖也就不会有数以百万计的美元滚滚而来。
2. It took him five years to diligently create a business and generate that large sum of money. 他花了5年时间，努力工作，并开办了一家公司，终于赚足了这么一大笔钱。
3. With great disbelief, he stared at his investment of valuable gems, now turned to stones, and wondered what it all meant.
约翰眼睁睁地看着自己投资买来的宝石变成了石头，他难以置信，百思不得其解。
4. The inscription read, \the use of their faith and will from then on have the power to overcome in all things and nothing will be impossible to them.\
这些文字是：凡历此功成者，必脱胎换骨，身心俱新，无坚不摧，无所不能。
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B. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 1. [Once known as the Paris of the Middle East](曾经拥有中东巴黎的美誉), this seaside city fell into chaos during Lebanon's prolonged civil war.
2. A meeting was held[for the purpose of appointing a new manager](是为了任命一位新经理). 3. She was selected for an interview with a PWC director. This opportunity[is too good to pass up](好得让人无法拒绝).
4. More than 150 people were looking for the body of a 24-year-old hiker[said to have been killed](据说已经遇害), a day after authorities charged a man with kidnapping her.
5.[It is still unclear](仍然不清楚) what was behind the Federal Reserve's surprise decision on Wednesday to buy up to $300 billion in Treasuries. 8. Practice: writing A. Write a summary of the text (max. 180 words), referring to the outline below. Summary outline:
1. John's taking a snapshot of an ancient document alluding to the formula for acquiring wealth;
2. John's work on the document;
3. John's starting the adventurous quest for wealth;
4. John's disappointment when he finished putting the gems into the holes; 5. John's enlightenment about this adventure.
Reference answer： John got the news about an ancient document which was believed to uncover a mysterious formula for acquiring wealth. With a shot at sudden wealth, John began to work on it. He borrowed his neighbor's camera, went to the library and read books on ancient language. Finally he deciphered the message: to acquire the wealth, the seeker must place eight precious gems in each of the holes in a statue in Egypt. It took him five years to diligently create a business and generate that large sum of money needed for the gems. When he reached the statue, he did as the document had instructed him. However, he was stunned that as soon as he inserted the precious gems into each hole of the statue, they turned to stone, filling the holes, leaving no trace where the holes used to be. John was terribly disappointed and felt he had been on a fool's errand. He returned home and resumed his business. But at last he realized that the money he had shelled out was a really great investment!
B. Basic writing techniques: the topic sentence of a paragraph.
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss. For this reason, the topic sentence is a helpful guide to both the writer and the reader. The writer can see what information to include (and what information to exclude). The reader can see what the paragraph is going to be about and is therefore better prepared to understand it.
There are three important points to remember about the topic sentence:
1. A topic sentence is a complete sentence; that is, it contains a subject, a verb, and (usually) a complement. The following are not complete sentences and therefore not topic sentences:
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□ Driving on freeways □ The importance of gold
□ How to register for college classes
2. A topic sentence contains both a topic and a controlling idea. It names the topic and then limits the topic to a specific area to be discussed in the space of a single paragraph. The following examples show how a topic sentence states both the topic and the controlling idea in a complete sentence:
□ Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness.
□ Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics.
□ Registering for college classes can be a frustrating experience for new students.
3. A topic sentence is the most general statement in the paragraph because it only gives the main idea. It does not give any specific details.
The following is an example of a general statement that could serve as a topic sentence: □ The Arabic origin of many English words is not always obvious. The following sentence is too specific to serve as a topic sentence:
□ The slang expression \f the Arabic \ Some of the sentences may be too general to be good topic sentences: □ English is a difficult language to learn. Exercise:
Step 1 Decide which of the following sentences is the topic sentence of the paragraph. Step 2 Decide the order of the supporting sentences and number them as SS1, SS2, SS3.
(SS2) a. If there had been a big storm on the day of a baby's birth, the baby might have been named Thunder Cloud.
(Topic sentence) b. American Indian names are very descriptive, for Indians were usually named for a physical attribute, for an occurrence in nature, or for an animal.
(SS3) c. Grey Eagle, Red Dog, Big Bear, and Spotted Wolf are examples of Indians named after animals.
(SS1) d. Indians with distinctive physical characteristics might be given such names as Big Foot or Crooked Leg.
9. Surfing the Internet Go to http://www.yyxenglish.com,
http://beginnersinvest.about.com/cs/warrenbuffett/l/blwarrenbuffett.htm?rd=1 or
http://www.yennylauw.com/10-ways-to-get-rich to obtain information about Warren Buffett, including his birth date, his education, his achievement timeline, his business, and his tips on how to get rich. Based on these, try to summarize his experience of getting rich. Then prepare an oral presentation to give an introduction to Warren Buffett to the class. Reference answer： Warren Edward Buffett was born on August 30, 1930. Being the only boy to his father Howard, a stockbroker-turned-Congressman, he was the second of three
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children, and displayed an amazing aptitude for both money and business at a very early age. At 11 years old, he took his step into the world of high finance. He purchased three shares of Cities Service Preferred at $38 per share for both himself and his elder sister, Doris. Shortly after buying the stock, it fell to just over $27 per share. A frightened but resilient Warren held his shares until they rebounded to $40. He promptly sold them—a mistake he would soon come to regret. Cities Service shot up to $200. The experience taught him one of the basic lessons of investing: patience is a virtue. Two years later, he declared to a friend of the family that he would be a millionaire by the time he turned thirty. After he graduated from Columbia University, he worked as a stockbroker, and later, he began to buy shares of big companies, like Walt Disney Co. and Coca Cola. At 50, he had over $200 million. Step by step, he took control of Berkshire and turned it into one of the largest empires in the world.
Warren Buffett is usually described as one of the most successful investors of all time. It is equally correct to say that he is one of the prolific and instructive chief officers of all time. For over twenty years, he has written robust and thoughtful Chairman's letters to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., presenting profound and sensible, but not uncontroversial positions on a broad range of issues that confront corporate America.
In all, known as the Oracle of Omaha, Warren Buffett is an intelligent, diligent, and brilliant man.
Part 2 Language in Use 1. Dialogue
happy shareholders
Before a shareholders' meeting, the director has a conversation with his assistant. They are talking about their business in the past year.
Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks. Then read it aloud. Director: Can we go over some figures now?
经理：现在我们来核对一下数据吧？
Assistant: Yes, our shareholders' meeting is soon. 助理：好的。股东大会马上要召开了，I think it'd be a good idea to (1) [review] the key 我认为应当再看一下关键数据。
numbers.
Director: What has our total outlay been this year? 经理：今年的总支出是多少？ Assistant: Our (2)[expenditures] are estimated at 助理：我们的支出约为432万美元。 $4,320,000. development?
Director: What is the percentage of research and 经理：用于研发的支出占多大比例？ Assistant: About 27%. We've invested heavily in 助理：大约占27%，我们在开发一些the development of some new (3) [technologies]. 新技术方面投入的资金很大。 Director: What is our gross operating profit?
经理：我们的营业毛利润是多少？
Assistant: (4) [Approximately] 1.4 million. 助理：大概是140万。 Director: What kind of margin does that represent? 经理：利润占多大比例？
Assistant: The gross operating margin is at 24% 助理：今年营业毛利润是24%。
for the year.
year, isn't it? About 10 points I think.
10个百分点吧？
Director: That's impressive. That's up from last 经理：很不错，我想可能比去年增加了Assistant: That's right. We're solidly in the (5) 助理：是的，我们公司一直在盈利。事
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[black]. As a matter of fact, this is our fifth year (6) 实上这是我们连续五年盈利了。 [straight].
Director: Shareholders will be happy.
经理：股东们肯定会很高兴。
Assistant: They should be! This kind of growth in 助理：那当然！在目前市场上，像我们
公司这种增长业绩算是很了不起的。 the current market is (7) [remarkable].
Director: Hopefully, the shareholders won't veto 经理：希望股东以后不再反对加大研发any further R & D allocation. continue doing the right thing.
投资。 出正确的决策。
我认为他们相信董事会能继续做Assistant: I think they trust the (8) [board] to 助理：
New Words
director
n. 1) [C] one of a group of senior managers who run a company 董事，理事，经理 n. 2) [C] 导演 outlay
n. [C, U] the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project or to save yourself money or time later （必要的）开支，费用
The business quickly repaid the initial outlay on advertising. 这家公司很快偿付了初期的广告费。 percentage
n. [C] the number, amount, rate of sth. expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100; a part or share of a whole 百分率，百分比 gross
a. being the total amount of sth. before anything is taken away 毛的，总的 solidly
ad. 1) continuously; without stopping 连续地，不间断地 ad. 2) in a firm and strong way 坚固地，结实地，牢固地 veto
vt. 1) to stop sth. from happening or being done by using your official authority 行使否决权，拒绝认可，禁止
Plans for the dam have been vetoed by the Environmental Protection Agency. 修建大坝的建议已被环境保护局否决。
vt. 2) to refuse to accept or do what sb. has suggested 拒不接受，反对，否定 I wanted to go camping but the others quickly vetoed that idea. 我想去野营，但这个想法很快遭到其他人的反对。 allocation
n. 1) [C] an amount of money, space, etc. that is given to sb. for a particular purpose 划拨的款项，分配的东西
We have spent our entire allocation for the year. 我们已经花光了全年的拨款。
n. 2) [U] the act of giving sth. to sb. for a particular purpose 划，拨，分配 the allocation of food to those who need it most 分配粮食给最需要的人
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expenditure
n. 1) [U, C] an amount of money spent 费用，开支 The budget provided for a total expenditure of ￡27 billion. 预算案规定支出总额为270亿英镑。
n. 2) [U] the use of energy, time, materials, etc. 耗费，消耗 approximately
ad. 近似地，大约，接近地
Phrases and Expressions
gross operating profit
a company's profit after deducting its operating costs from gross profit 营业利润 gross operating margin 营业毛利润率，毛利率 be in the black
to have money, for example in your bank account 有盈余，有结余
The company has managed to stay in the black for the year ending December 31. 到12月31日为止的这一年里，公司努力保持着盈利状态。 R & D allocation研发投资
2. Pair work: talking about a candle chart
The chart below shows the share price movement of one stock over a period of time in the year 2009. Read the notes first, then work with a partner to role-play the following situation.
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Student A
Asks about the meaning of the candle chart.
Asks about the movement of one specific stock and the reasons for it. Asks if B will buy the stock.
Student B
Explains the meaning of the candle chart. Points out the ups and downs of the specific stock and explains the reasons. Wishes to observe it a little longer.
Reference answer：
Student A: Hi, look at this candle chart. Do you know its meaning? Student B: Yes, it shows the ups and downs of one stock. Student A: Really? Judging from the chart, how is this stock? Student B: The stock is losing a little bit, but it's nothing too serious. Student A: How do you know that?
Student B: You see, though there are several long green bodies, there are more red bodies. That indicates the stock is some kind of bullish.
Student A: That sounds good. The stock brokers and individual investors must believe it will rebound in the following days.
Student B: That's true. If the stock really jumps, it will be really good information for the stock market.
Student A: Will you buy this stock if you invest in the stock market?
Student B: To be honest, I'd like to observe it a little longer. It is said that the stock would change someday.
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Note:
A candle chart (also known as candlestick chart) is often used to plot stock prices. The chart shows the stock's high, low, open, and close price for each day. The candle is colored green or white if the stock went up (the closing price was higher than the opening price) and red or black if it went down (the closing price was lower than the opening price). For example:
A long white real body visually shows that the bulls are in charge. A long black real body signifies that the bears are in control.
A small real body (white or black) indicates a period in which the bulls and bears are in a tug of war and warns the market's trend may be losing momentum.
Language for describing candle charts This stock is bullish / bearish.
The stock is losing a little bit, but it's nothing too serious.
The stock has declined. It's hovering around…
Learning
People are saying that the stock will change today.
Some stockbrokers and many individual investors believe it will rebound in the following days.
The stock jumped; it's really good news for us.
3. Text Stocks and Shares 股票和股份
1 The act of issuing shares (GB) or stocks (US)—i.e. 1 一家公司首次发行股票或股份（英offering them for sale to the public—for the first time, 式英语称为shares，美式英语称为is known as floating a company or making a flotation. stocks）的行为——即把股票提供给公Companies generally use a bank to underwrite the 众购买——被称为公司发售或发行股issue. In return for a fee, the bank guarantees to 票。股份公司通常会借助银行认购其股purchase the security issue at an agreed price on a 票，而银行则保证在特定的日期以约定certain day, although it hopes to sell it to the public. 的价格购买股份公司发行的股票，并收Newer
and
smaller
companies
trade
on 取一定费用作为回报，尽管银行的目的
\markets, such as the Unlisted 是希望把股票出售给公众。此外，新兴Securities Market in London. Successful companies can 的和较小的公司一般在“场外交易”市场apply to have their shares traded on the major stock 进行交易，如伦敦的非挂牌证券市场。exchanges, but in order to be quoted (GB) or listed 而成功的大公司可以申请在主要的证券(US) there, they have to fulfill a large number of 交易所进行股票交易，但是为了在主要requirements. One of these is to send their 证券交易所上市（英式英语称为shareholders independently audited annual reports, quoted，美式英语称为listed），他们including the year's trading results and a statement of 必须满足很多条件。其中之一是向股票the company's financial position.
持有者提供独立审计年报，包括当年的
2 Buying a share gives its holder part of the ownership 年度交易额和一份公司财政状况报告。 of a company. Shares generally entitle their owners to 2 购买股票使股票持有者拥有公司vote at companies' General Meetings, to elect 的部分所有权。通常持股人拥有在公司
能选举公司董事，company directors, and to receive a proportion of 股东大会上的投票权，
distributed profits in the form of a dividend (or to 并且以股息的方式分享公司分配的利润
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receive part of the company's residual value if it goes （如果该公司破产，则取得该公司的部into bankruptcy). Shareholders can sell their shares at 分剩余资产）。持股人可于任何时候在any time on the secondary market, but the market 二级证券市场出售其股票，但是每股的price of a share—the price quoted at any given time on 市场价格——即证券交易所任何特定时the stock exchange, which reflects how well or badly 间的挂牌价，能反映出该公司业绩的好the company is doing—may differ radically from its 坏——可能和股票票面价格完全不同。 nominal, face, or par value.
3 在伦敦证券交易市场，股票交易
3 At the London Stock Exchange, share transactions do 在交割日即为期两周的会计期的最后一not have to be settled until the account day or 天结算。于是证券投机者买进股票以期settlement day at the end of a two-week accounting 在付款结算之前把买进的股票以更高的period. This allows speculators to buy shares hoping to 价格卖出，或者卖出股票以期以更低的resell them at a higher price before they actually pay 价格再买回。
for them or to sell the shares, hoping to buy them back 4 如果一个公司想募集更多的资金at a lower price.
以进行业务扩展，它可以发行新的股票。
4 If a company wishes to raise more money for 公司经常以低于市场的价格把这些新发expansion, it can issue new shares. These are 行的股票卖给已有的股东，这种方式被frequently offered to existing shareholders at less than 称为“供股”。股份公司也可以通过向股their market price: this is known as a rights issue. 东发行新的股票来代替股东红利，使他Companies may also turn part of their profit into 们的部分收益变为资本，这在英国被称capital by issuing new shares to shareholders instead 为“红股配发”或“资本化发行”，在美国of paying dividends. This is known as a bonus issue or 被称为“股票股息”或“股票拆细”。美国scrip issue or capitalization issue in Britain, and as a 的股份公司可以买回自己公司的一部分stock dividend or stock split in the US. American 股票，来减少自己的资本，这被称为“回corporations are also permitted to reduce the amount 收库存股”；而在英国，为了保护公司的of their capital by buying back their own shares, which 债权人，这通常是不允许的。如果一个are then known as treasury stock; in Britain this is 公司以高于股票票面的价格出售股票，generally not allowed, in order to protect companies' 这个数目将被记入公司财政报告，称为creditors. If a company sells shares at above their par “股票发行溢价”（英国称为share value, this amount is recorded in financial statements premium，美国称为as share premium (GB) or paid-in surplus (US).
paid-in
surplus）。
（被称为富时）5 The Financial Times-Stock Exchange (FTSE) 100 5 金融时报100指数
Share Index (known as the \records the 记录英国100种主要股票的平均价值，average value of the 100 leading British shares, and is 并且在交易期间每分钟更新。而美国最updated every minute during trading. The most 重要的股票指数是道琼斯工业指数。 important US index is the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
New Words
float
vt./vi. 1) to sell shares in a company or business to the public for the first time （公司或企业）发行（股票）上市
The company was floated on the stock market in 2001. 这家公司于2001年在证券市场上市。
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vt./vi. 2) to move slowly on water or in the air 浮动，漂流；飘动 A group of swans floated by. 一群天鹅缓缓游过。 flotation
n. [C, U] the process of selling shares in a company to the public for the first time in order to raise money （公司的）发行股份
That company has plans for (a) flotation on the stock exchange. 那家公司计划在证券市场上发行股份。
n. 2) [U] the act of floating on or in water 浮，漂浮 underwrite
vt. to agree to buy shares that are not bought by the public when new shares are offered for sale 包销，承销（未获认购的发行新股份） exchange
n. 1) [C] a building where business people met in the past to buy and sell a particular type of goods 交易所
n. 2) [C, U] an act of giving sth. to sb. or doing sth. for sb. and receiving sth. in return 交换，互换；交流；调换
vt. to give sth. to sb. and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them 交换，交流；调换 quote
vt. 1) to give the prices for a business company's shares on a stock exchange 为（企业的股份）上市，挂牌
Several football clubs are now quoted on the Stock Exchange. 目前有几家足球俱乐部在股票交易所上市。
vt. 2) to repeat the exact words that another person has said or written 引用，引述 The figures quoted in this article refer only to Britain. 本文引用的数字仅限于英国。
vt. 3) to tell a customer how much money you will charge them for a job, service or product 开价，出价，报价
They quoted us￡300 for installing a shower unit. 他们向我们开价300英镑安装淋浴设备。 audit
vt. to officially examine the financial accounts of a company 审计，稽核 We have just had our accounts audited. 我们的账目刚完成审计。 ownership
n. [U] the fact of owning sth. 所有权，产权，物主身份 entitle
vt. 1) to give sb. the right to have or to do sth. 使享有权利，使符合资格 vt. 2) to give a title to a book, play, etc. 给……命名（或题名） vote
vi./vt. to show formally by marking a paper or raising your hand which person you want to win an election, or which plan or idea you support 投票（赞成/反对），表决，选举 elect
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他游览了这座城市所有的旅游景点。
翻译过程中进行词义引申旨在使译文更加清楚，并能更加充分地表达原文意思。至于哪些词应当引申并没有固定的分类。判断是否应当进行引申翻译主要还是从词的基本意义出发，并紧密联系上下文。引申一定要适度，千万不能脱离词的本义任意发挥。
2. Pleasant surprises in language
Choose the word or phrase that best expresses the meaning of the italicized word or phrase in the following sentences.
Understanding MAN by using ANIMAL concepts
用动物来理解和描述人（二）
fox（狐狸）狡猾的特点被用来形容人的行为特点。foxy形容某人精明而不诚实；a foxy lady指“性感女郎”。 Enrico was an old fox and gave nothing away. 恩利克是只老狐狸，他什么都没有透露。 a quick, cunning, foxy child 一个脑子快、狡猾、精明的孩子
rat（老鼠）可喻指“卑鄙的人，小人”。to rat on sth. 表示“背弃做某事的承诺”；to rat on sb. 指“告密，打小报告”。mouse可指“非常胆怯怕羞的人”；mousy表示“胆怯怕羞的”。 He did a terrible thing. He's a rat. 他做了件可怕的事。他是个小人。
Good friends don't rat on each other. 好朋友是不会出卖对方的。
After that row she got up and went, most surprisingly. I always thought her a mouse. 那次吵架后她起身就走了，真是让人吃惊——我以前总认为她胆小怕事。
weasel（黄鼠狼）非常狡猾。该词用作动词时表示“含糊其辞或故意误导别人”。to weasel out of a duty or a promise 指逃避责任或不履行诺言；weasel words是不正式的贬义表达，指“滑头的话；含糊其辞的话；推诿之词”。
Advertisers use weasel words to appear to be making a claim for a product. 广告商使用含糊其辞的广告词，表面上是在声称某一个产品质量好。
A buyer will not usually be able to weasel out of these promises later. 买方在事后通常不能逃避这些承诺。
wolf（狼）凶猛的特性喻指人的贪婪和威胁性的行为特点。to wolf one's food (down) 指“狼吞虎咽地吃东西”；a lone wolf喻指孤僻而对别人具有威胁或危险的人物；wolfish喻指人的行为显得阴险或吓人。 The salad appeared in a bowl with some dressing and I wolfed it down. 碗里盛着拌了调料的蔬菜沙拉，我狼吞虎咽地把它吃下了肚。 Curt, among his peers, is something of a lone wolf. 跟同龄人相比，柯特是一个独来独往、让人捉摸不透的人。 He began his speech with a wolfish grin. 他阴险地咧嘴笑笑，开口说话了。
ape（猿）用作贬义，指“笨拙的人；丑陋的人”；ape经常模仿人的动作，可引申为某人“以笨拙的方式模仿”，搭配形式为to ape sth.或to ape sb.。因monkey（猴子）非常调皮，常喻指儿童，如a cheeky monkey或a little monkey指“调皮的孩子”；to monkey around 表示“胡闹，捣蛋”，to monkey with sth. 指“瞎弄，胡弄”。
Show me your identity card instead of beating about the bush, you ape. 少跟我啰嗦，把你的身份证拿出来，你这个笨蛋。 - 26 -
He apes their walk and mannerisms behind their backs with hilarious results. 他在身后模仿他们的步态和行为举止，样子很滑稽。
Not a day goes by without him getting in and monkeying with something. 他没有一天不进来捣乱。
hare（兔子）用作动词，构成to hare off/away somewhere，表示“飞跑”，指慌里慌张地跑到某处，暗含该行为是愚蠢和没必要的。
He hared off towards the main gate, shouting wildly to the guard house to raise the alarm. 他慌慌张张地奔向大门，对警卫室狂喊，让其发警报。
tiger（老虎）因其凶猛的特点用来喻指“凶残的人”；口语中也指“强悍的人；劲头十足的人”，表明说话者对其非常敬佩；形容词tigerish既有“凶残的”意思，又有“强悍的”、“劲头十足的”意思，如the most tigerish opponent指“最强悍的对手”，tigerish determination指“坚定的决心”。 She was in tigerish mood. 她暴怒了。
squirrel（松鼠）因其在夏天和秋天收藏坚果的习性，用作动词时喻指“秘密藏匿”或“储藏”物品。
Japan's savings rate is too high as consumers squirrel away huge sums for the down payment on a home.
日本的存款率很高，因为消费者为了积攒房子首付款而将大笔的钱存了起来。
dinosaur（恐龙）是生活在几千万年以前、现已灭绝的动物，喻指行为方式古板、老套的人。 \dinosaur,\“你真是个老古董，”迈克说，“世界一直在进步，而你竟然什么都不知道。”
1. \ (B) A. cunning
B. sexually attractive C. reddish brown in color D. resembling to a fox
2. They had eaten standing there, wolfing the cold food from dirty tin plates. (A) A. eating greedily B. eating slowly C. taking out D. fighting for
3. She claims he ratted on their divorce settlement. (C) A. was dishonest in B. was disloyal to C. broke
D. benefited from
4. The best British music isn't necessarily made with huge budgets or by aping the latest trends from across the Atlantic. (D) A. criticizing B. aiming at C. joining D. imitating
5. Are you a man or a mouse? (C) A. a gentle person
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B. a cruel person C. a fierce person D. a faint-hearted person
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