出于自身的哲学认识和生活选择来设定限制手机的使用与因思想偏执而为之截然不同。这就是我对来自匹兹堡民间的说法产生失望的原因…那不是呼吁人们关注生活的健康和儿童的幸福成长，那是呼吁人们对现代生活的偏执理解。” 2.
(1) 高频热效应radiofrequency heating effects 手机知情权Cell Phone Right-to-Know
阻止这项新法律的实行block enforcement of the new law 支持食品与药物管理局的结论stands by the FDA 患脑癌的几率the odds of developing brain cancer
世界各国的研究团队research teams from around the world 长时间大量使用手机long-term heavy use of mobile phones 选择误差selection biases 原数据The raw data
需要进一步研究worth further investigation
(2) particularly in regard to taxation
(3) the extent of corruption and abuse of power (4) the risks posed by hazardous materials. (5) The incidence of this disease
(6) without the problems posed by global warming
(7) Yet there were two main barriers to the enforcement of such regulations.
(8) You can narrow the odds of a terrible accident happening in your home by being more safety-conscious.
(9) Dr. Johnson argued that there is a strong correlation between teenage crime and low educational achievement. (10) Local authorities have therefore been unable, and unwilling, to part with their own meagre resources. (11) Microsoft Corp. has filed suit against a Houston computer manufacturer as part of a nationwide crackdown on software piracy. (12) Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness–so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk。
IV. Cloze
1. Purchased 2. from 3. worked 4. since 5. increase 6. causes 7. radiation 8. vulnerable 9. absorptive 10. found
Unit 7
Seeing the Earth for Its Faults
I. comprehension and Appreciation
1. Is there any difference between the meaning of faults here in the title and that of in the daily language?
2. What impact does the collision of continents have on the climate? Why?
Northwestern Africa crashed and ground against North America - and mountains as tall as the Alps rose in New England. Wind and rain beat at the peaks and wore them down, and then the land on which they stood sank below the sea. Waves and tides had their turn, and the towering ranges were largely leveled. The land lifted. The balmy weather turned cold. Ice sheets scraped across bedrock, pushing a wall of rubble before them. The climate warmed again, and glaciers melted, creating a huge lake that lapped behind the wall of glacial till. Ice sheets kept melting; the lake swelled and stretched and, ultimately, broke through the wall at its lowest part. Rivers began to flow through valleys that the glaciers had carved. 3. If you have the eyes of a geologist, what do you think would happen?
To see New York with the eyes of a geologist and to understand why certain things look the way they do and stand where they do. The scar where continents ground together runs down the Bronx River; the remnant of the mountains is the city's bedrock; the rubble pushed by the glaciers gave rise to Long Island; the great lake spilled over at the Verrazano Narrows; the Hudson and East rivers fill valleys deepened by glaciers.
4. Would Wall Street and Midtown get similar impact with the other parts of New York?
No, Wall Street and Midtown raised modern mountains of glass and granite because there was solid bedrock to build on, but in between lay insufficient foundation for skyscrapers - hence low-slung Greenwich Village and Soho. Before garbage and landfill were strewn in its wetlands, Manhattan was cut in two when very high tides swelled the rivers and they met each other in the middle of the island, at 125th Street, where a fault slices the city.
5. How dids New York get the name of Big Apple according to Horenstein? According to Horenstein, New York got the name of Big Apple mainly because of a bordello owner named Eve and the \
6. What does Horenstein do to make people have some geological views on New York?
Horenstein makes people have some geological views on New York by giving talks and leading regional geological field trips.
7. Who is Charles Merguerian? What has he done to make New York's geologic past known more by the ordinary people?
Charles Merguerian works in Hofstra University, he is an author with John E Sanders of myriad papers on the region's geology. He has designed virtual field trips of the city and environs, which can be viewed or ordered at www.dukelabs.com. 8. Who founded the New York Paleontological Society? What can you do in this society?
It was Horenstein who founded the New York Paleontological Society in 1970. You can attend the moonthly meetings most of the year and join them in the field trips to look for fossils.
9. If you are not in New York, is that convinient and possible for you to see the city or state or region or country where you are? What is the average charge for a family to have its membership?
Yes, it is. No matter which city or state or region or country you are in - or whether you have easy access to a natural history or related museum - you are free to see with a geologist's eyes. Many states have a paleontological society, and although you might have to join to be able to participate in the field trips, membership is typically only about $20 for a family.
10. What does the Utah Geological Survey do to help those who are interested in the geological past of it? What else can you do if you want more information about geology?
The Utah Geological Survey, for instance, provides local information on dinosaur fossils. Books are very helpful resources which make it possible for us to see the earth breathe.
II. Vocabulary
1. swell 2. remnants 3. give rise to 4. spilling over 5. cruises 6. involved in 7. coordinated 8. anecdotes 9. Refrain 10. rove 11. excursion 12. conjures 13. envision 14. humbled 15. Haunted
III. Translation 1.
(1) crash and ground against North America 与北美洲板块碰撞摩擦 the sweep of millions of years 数百万年的冲刷过程
lay insufficient foundation for skyscrapers 地基不足以支撑摩天大楼 lead regional geological field trips. 主持区域地质实际调查旅行 check the American Museum of Natural History's Web site 点击美国自然历史博物馆网址
have easy access to a natural history or related museum 能方便参观自然历史博物馆或相关的博物馆
a helpful series of books. 一套有用的系列丛书
the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies 美国矿物协会联盟 site of an ancient tropical sea. 古代的热带海洋
against the backdrop of aeons 在极漫长的时代背景下
(2) 科学日报（2010年8月30日） — 位于奥斯汀的德克萨斯州立大学与加利福尼亚理工学院的计算机科学家同地球物理学家为首次建立兼顾地幔流动，大尺寸地壳板块运动，以及独立断层活动的实时模型，开发出新的计算机算法，用以制造一个史无前例的显示板块构造以及驾驭它的力的图像。 2.
(1) 磨蚀降低 wear them down 巍峨的山脉 the towering ranges 堆积成为 give rise to 掀起了河水 swell the rivers
场外长期展览 off-site permanent exhibit 化石收藏家 fossil hunters 矿物学会 a mineral society 恐龙骨化石 dinosaur fossils 一般民众 laypeople
在你的想象中 in your mind's eye
(2) expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks (3) recoup their investments soon
(4) can be attributed to the greed for money (5) be toxic to a child's emotional well-being. (6) to get what you want
(7) The above anecdote reminds us that translators and interpreters must be aware of the differences between peoples and cultures.
(8) This enables Mobile Users to have access to latest enterprise data and applications at all times.
(9) Most difficult of all is to estimate the volume of storm water likely to flow in a drain / sewer. (10) Advisory committees have a role to play in holding agency administrators accountable for the way in which they resolve these questions. (11) They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering incentives to foreign investors. (12) ―People are evolving more rapidly than in the distant past, with residents of various continents becoming increasingly different from one another.‖ researchers say. Rapid population growth has been coupled with vast changes in cultures and ecology, creating new opportunities for adaptation. The past 10,000 years have seen rapid skeletal and dental evolution in human populations, as well as the appearance of many new genetic responses to diet and disease.
IV. Cloze
1. Earthquake 2. derived 3. observed 4. unlikely 5. largest 6. opportunity 7. re-evaluate 8. showed 9. from 10. released 11. make 12.. perspective
Unit 8
Why We Are Fat?
I. comprehension and Appreciation
1. What leads to the fact that there are so many obese people?
Nowadays, many of us eat too much high-calorie food and don't burn it off with enough exercise. If only we had more determination and willpower, the problem would go away, but it is easier said than done.
2. Do you have enough willpower to reject the delicious food? What is the general response when warned about the dangers of overeating?
When warned about the dangers of overeating, we get briefly spooked and try to do better. Then we're offered a plateful of pancakes smothered in maple syrup, our appetite overpowers our reason, and before we know it, we're at it again.
3. What could be attributed to our ravenous appetites according to the scientific research within the past few years?
According to the scientific research within the past few years, genes and hormones conspire to make us have ravenous appetites, and among the hormones that fuel these urges are ghrelin and leptin, known as the \
4. What is the job of Ghrelin? And how does it work?
Ghrelin makes you feel hungry by affecting the hypothalamus, which governs metabolism. Ghrelin levels rise in dieters who lose weight and then try to keep it off. It's almost as if their bodies are trying to regain the lost fat. 5. What is the job of Leptin? And how does it work?
Leptin turns your appetite off and is made by fat cells. Low leptin levels increase your appetite and signal your body to store more fat. High leptin levels relay the opposite signal. Many obese people have developed a resistance to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin and never feel satisfied, no matter how much they eat. Basically, your body uses these hormones to help you stay at your weight and keep you from losing fat .
6. Does lack of sleep promote obesity? Why?
Lack of sleep promotes obesity by messing with these hunger hormones. If you skimp on sleep, ghrelin levels rise, making you hungry, and leptin levels dip, which signals a need for calories.
7. Is hunger the only reason people eat and get obesity?
Hunger isn't the only reason people eat and eat and eat. Stress, depression, boredom, loneliness, and even joy all come into play. And some of us may just be inclined to