非谓语和谓语
一、区分谓语和非谓语
谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后，说明主语“是什么”或者“做什么”，或表明主语的状态。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 （谓语必修注意时态、语态和主谓一致）
1．简单谓语
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事？
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2. 复合谓语可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语： What does this word mean? I won’t do it again. I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. You’d better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如： You look the same. We are all here.
The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
Keep quite and listen to me. He looked worried. We have to be up early in the morning.
Note:一个英语句子就有一套主谓结构；如果是从句，则至少有两套主谓结构，每套要求主语和谓语在时态和人称上要一致。祈使句无主语。
非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式： to do, doing 和done.
非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式
主动 被动 主动 被动
一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to have done to be doing to be done to have been
done doing having done being done having been
done
ing 形式
过去分被动 done 词
非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
找出下列句中的动词非谓语，并注意他们在句子中充当的成分。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. Her job is to clean the hall.
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about.
He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. Reading is important in learning English. Looking after the patient is a nurse's job. He slept in the sleeping bag.
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…
Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam.
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. = Because he didn’t know how to …
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. = …, which caused the delay.
He is a promising young man.
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. = The young man who sits between … is the ….
Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.)
The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. The concert given by their friends was a success.
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成\连词+过去分词\结构作状语.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
1. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other. 2. Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other. 3. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. 4 While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
5. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson. 6 Supported by his little grandson, the old man walked slowly.
7 . The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful. 8 The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful. 9. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave. 10 There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
11. The worker wrote to the police and _____________ (disclose) who _________(steal) the money.
12 The worker wrote to the police, _____________ (disclose) who _________(steal) the money.
13. Look round when you (cross) the street. 14 Look round when (cross) the street.
15. When she (hear) the news, she burst into laughter. 16 (hear) the news, she burst into laughter. 三 、非谓语1 Around the end of the first century, a Roman writer _______(call) Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption .
2 Pliny described a cloud ______(come) down the mountain. 4 One person,_______(sit) alone, looks like he is praying. 5 Anne was brought in ________(help) Helen.
6Her first goal was ____(stop) Helen’s troublesome behaviour.
7 Helen would have to learn to understand words ______(spell) on her hand.
8 The word “think” was such a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while _______(work) on a simple task.
9 Mr Bean is an internationally __________(recognize) comedy character on TV and in films.
10 Have you ever had trouble ______(try) to spell a word?
11 He is shocked _______(discover) that “steak tartare” is actually raw hamburger. 12 He makes an attempt _____(eat) it, but it is clear from the look on his face that he finds the taste truly ________(disgust).
13 He smiles and nods, ________(indicate) everything is fine.
14 He then looks from the menu to the money with concern until he finds one thing that______ (make) him ______(smile).
15 He compensated for this by _____ (talk) very deliberately.
16 When he looks at the menu, an _________(astonish) look swiftly appears on his face.
17Uncertain about how to fix them, she stopped _____(think). 四、完成句子
1 他快步走进大厅，身后跟着两个士兵．
He hurried to the hall，______________________________. 2．他刚下车，就发现钱包被偷了。
The moment he got off the bus，______________________________. 3．那位专家所给的建议是很有道理的。（用非谓语作定语） _______________________________________ is very reasonable. 五、用动词的适当形式填空
1. During the summer holiday of 2005, I ________ (think) I should do something meaningful instead of _________(stay) at home and _________(watch) TV. 2. I got a job at a KFC fast food restaurant and ________(work) there as a cleaner. 3. After all, I ________(stick) to it with my determination.
4. No one can avoid ___________(influence) by advertisements.
5. Radio, television and computers have made it possible for advertisements __________(attract) the attention of millions of people.
6. Meanwhile, _________(make) an advertisement, a lot of people will have to work together.
7. In a word, _________(advertise) is an important business.
8. About fifty American students will come _________(visit) our school on October 22nd.
9. We must _________(talk) with them in English.
10. Please _________(be) friendly and courteous to them.
11. I have received your letter and I’m glad _______(give) you some suggestions. 12. Fist of all, don’t be _________(disappoint).
13. Many students find it difficult _________(write) well.
14. In my opinion, if you want _________(improve) your writing, you should do the _________(follow) things.
15. Then you’ll be able __________(use) them correctly yourself.
16. So, in order _________(write) well, you must learn __________(read) a lot. 17. Finally, you’d better ________(recite) some good passages. 18. I’m sure you can improve your ________(write) English.
19. I feel I will be fit for the job _________(need) in your company. 20. I __________(study) English for six years.
21. I am good at both __________(operate) a PC and English. 22. I can read, write, _________(listen) to and speak English. 23. I’m __________(interest) in the position of a secretary. 24. I want very much __________(accept) by your company.
25. 55% of the students think they should take exercise every day, such as ________ (do) morning exercises _______(play) ping-pong and basketball.
26. 45% believe ________(take) exercise is a waste of time and it is _______(tire).
27. After _________(have) sports, they are much too ________(excite) for a long time to pay attention to their lessons. 28. It’s possible ________(get) hurt in sports.
29. __________(see) from the hill, our school looks very beautiful. 30. The book, ___________(write) in 1975, is still popular now.
六、 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
31. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
32. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.
33. A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.
34. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
35. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.
36. The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
37. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
38. The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.
39. Look round when you cross the street.
40. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
七、语篇填空1
It was getting dark when I 1.________ (get) home. It was cold and I 2.________ (wear) a coat.I walked up to the door and put my land into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldn't it find it.I suddenly remembered that I 3.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office.It really didn't make any difference.I knew my wife 4.________ (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now，so I 5.________ (knock) at the door.There was no answer.I 6.________ (continue) knocking at the door for some time.I 7.________ (get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8.________ (tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9.________ (phone) saying that she 10.________ (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 11.________ (can do) and I 12.________ (shut) out of my house.
语篇填空2
Last summer，I _________( go) to Dalian with my family. Dalian____ (be) a very beautiful and modern city. On the bus，we ________(can) see all kinds of buildings which were great.
First we ________(take) the bus to the Sea Park.There _______(be) so
many different kinds of fishes that I couldn't believe my eyes.We also ______(see) the show of dolphins.Then we had lunch in a restaurant.The seafood which was very famous in China _______(be) delicious.
After lunch we ________(go) swimming.The sea was blue and the beach was gloden.We all __________(enjoy) ourselves in the sea.We also _______(go) to some places which were interesting and famous in Dalian，went shopping and so on.We had a happy day.
I like this trip.I hope I can go there once more when I have free time.
语篇填空3
Barack Obama，the son of a black man from Kenya and a white American woman，_______ (bear) in Honolulu，Hawaii on August 4th,1961，lives in Chicago.Married in 1992，he _______ (have) two daughters.In 1983，he ___________(graduate) from Columbia University and in 1988，he ______________ ( admit)d into Harvard Law School，where he ___________(gain) his doctor's degree in 1991.After graduation he ________(work) as a lawyer，lecturer and then ________(begin) his political career.On November 4,2008，Barack Obama ___________ (defeat) John McCain in the general election and ___________(become) the first African American President of the United States.
Barack Obama，the son of a black man from Kenya and a white American woman，_______ (bear) in Honolulu，Hawaii on August 4th,1961，lives in Chicago. Married in 1992，he _______ (have) two daughters.In 1983，he ___________(graduate) from Columbia University and in 1988，he ______________ ( admit)d into Harvard Law School，where he ___________(gain) his doctor's degree in 1991.After graduation he ________(work) as a lawyer，lecturer and then ________(begin) his political career.On November 4,2008，Barack Obama ___________ (defeat) John McCain in the general election and ___________(become) the first African American President of the United States.
_________ (begin) to have his breakfast. I __________ (take) to the table and ______ (make) to sit on the table. Peter was such a messy boy that he ______ (get) bits of food all over me. Peter must have woken up in a bad mood because when he _______ (ask) to get dressed, he _______ (shout) at his mother and then hit me. I was angry and hissed at him. I _______ (hit) by Peter again and again. Luckily he _____ (go) to school and I _______ (leave) at home but I _____ (had) a peaceful time. When Peter ________ (get) home he was much happier and was very nice to me. I hope I ___________ (treat) as nicely as now in the future.
It was getting dark when I 1.________ (get) home.It was cold and I 2.________
(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my land into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldn't it find it.I suddenly remembered that I 3.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office.It really didn't make any difference.I knew my wife 4.________ (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now，so I 5.________ (knock) at the door.There was no answer.I 6.________ (continue) knocking at the door for some time.I 7.________ (get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8.________ (tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9.________ (phone) saying that she 10.________ (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. It seemed that nothing 11.________ (can do) and I 12.________ (shut) out of my house.
1. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what __ (do) with it. 2. The research is so designed that once__（begin） nothing can be done to change it.
3. The teacher asked us__ (not make) so much noise. 4. (give) time, he'll make a first-class tennis player. 5. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief __( catch). 6. Generally speaking, when __(take) according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
7. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered__(issue) clear warnings before firing any shots. 8. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need__(improve). 10. The manager,__(know) his factory's products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
11. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if __(see) whether he was going in the right direction.
12. Don't be discouraged. __(take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
13. Friendship is like money: easier made than __(keep).
14. __ (The president attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
15. Unless__(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 16. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role__(play) in making the earth a better place to live. 17.__(complete)the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
19.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _(know) as 3M.
20.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures__(form) in your mind instead of before your e