Period2：Section A (2d&Grammar Focus)导学案
Section A 2d
根据汉语提示完成下面的句子。 1. 多一个人少一个人无所谓。
One person wouldn’t ____ ____ ____. 2. 这个木箱时装满了书。
The ____ box ____ ____ ____ books.
3. 不健康的饮食对这种疾病的传播起一定的作用。
Unhealthy foods ___ ___ ___ ___ the spread of the disease. 4. 这条小路通向公园。
The path ____ ____ the park. 5. 我错拿了你的包。
I took your bag ____ ____ mine by mistake.
(self check) 【重点讲练】
1. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？ 辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do
⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。
My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 ⑵ need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。 【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair
2. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？ cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使
得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。
He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多烦恼。
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。 It caused him lots of worries.
It caused lots of worries ____ him. 【达标训练】 I. 单项选择
1. My alarm clock doesn’t work. It needs ______. A. to be repaired B. repair C. to repair D. for repairing 2. His death was _____ by a high fever. A. spread B. caused C. got D. showed
3. His mother ____ a worker in that factory.
A. used to be B. used C. used to being D. used be 4. —Your classroom is very clean.
—Sure. It ________ after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaning
5. —He’s never stolen anything before, _____he?
—______. It’s his second time to be taken to the police station. A. hasn’t; Yes B. has; Yes C. has; No D. is; No II. 将下面的句子改为同义句。
1. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday.
____ ____ Tom ____ ____ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed ____ ____ ____ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble.
The old car caused ___ ___ trouble ____ me. 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He ____ ten yuan ____ the book. 5. My hair needs cutting.
My hair needs ____ ____ ____. 专题复习 【语法点拨】
本单元复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。 现在进行时
（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。 （2）基本结构：
主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化） （3）基本用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。 ②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 现在完成时
（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。 （2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （3）基本用法：
①表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
③表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词 （2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词 （3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词 （4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词 （6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词 （8）含有情态动词的被动式： 情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。 情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。 used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主语＋didn't use．．。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used ＋主语＋to sth．？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）n't to。 He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。 【实战演练】
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We should ____ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom ____ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees ____ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _____ (live) here for 20 years. II. 单项选择。
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived 2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 3. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room. A. is reading B. reads C. read D. was reading 4. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks C. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking