2 [uncountable] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity etc 投入，奉献
I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. 我对于场上运动员显示出的力量和投入而感动。 commitment to
Her commitment to work is beyond question. 她对工作的投入毋庸置疑。
commit verb
past tense and past participle committed present participle committing ?CRIME? [transitive]to do something wrong or illegal犯（错误、罪）；做（坏事）； 犯（法） Women commit fewer crimes than men. 女人要比男人犯罪率低。 commit murder/rape/arson etc 犯下谋杀罪/强奸罪/纵火罪
Brady committed a series of brutal murders. 布兰迪犯下了一系列令人发指的罪行。 2 commit suicide 自杀to kill yourself deliberately ?SAY YOU WILL DO SOMETHING?
[intransitive and transitive] to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something 承诺，束缚
commit somebody to doing something
He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. 他很清晰地承诺他的政府会继续沿着经济改革的路途走下去。 commit somebody to something
Meeting them doesn't commit us to anything. 与他们会面并不意味着我们承诺了任何事情。 commit yourself
commit yourself to (doing) something
The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs. 银行承诺他们会通过削减成本来提升盈利。 ?RELATIONSHIP?
[intransitive and transitive] to give someone your love or support in a serious and permanent way 给予爱或支持
Anna wants to get married, but Bob?s not sure he wants to commit. 安娜想与鲍勃结婚，但是鲍勃却并不确定他想接受这个承诺。 ?MONEY/TIME?
[transitive] to decide to use money, time, people etc for a particular purpose 决定为某一特定目的使用金钱、花费时间、动用人力等 commit something to something
A lot of money has been committed to this project. 人们已经为该项目花了许多钱。
?PRISON/HOSPITAL? [transitive] to order someone to be put in a hospital or prison监禁；下狱；入精神病院
commit somebody to something
The judge committed him to prison for six months. 法官裁决他六个月监禁。
committed adjective willing to work very hard at something 愿意努力工作的
The party has a core of committed supporters. 这个党派拥有一群尽心竭力的支持者。 committed to
We are fully committed to Equal Opportunity policies. 我们全力致力于平等就业政策的实施。
forge verb
1 [transitive] to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries形成 ?synonym form
forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with somebody)
In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France. 1776年，美国和法国组成联盟。 The two women had forged a close bond. 这两个女人关系很近。
Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music. 追溯到80年代，他们企图创造一种新的摇滚音乐。
2 [transitive] to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real 伪造
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature. 有人偷了我的信用卡并伪造了我的签名。
a forged passport 一份伪造的护照
3 [transitive] to make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it打铁，锻造
literature noun [uncountable]
1 books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good 文学 He has read many of the major works of literature. Italian literature
2 all the books, articles, etc on a particular subject 文献 literature on
literature on the history of science in the literature
Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.
3 printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something (广告, 宣传用的)印刷品(如说明书, 小册子) sales literature 销售宣传手册
mailshot noun [countable]
advertisements or information that a company sends to many people at one time by post邮寄广告材料
We're sending out a mailshot telling our customers about our new products. 我们正在把告知顾客我们新产品的广告材料寄出去。
3. Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1) The UK is the leading European investor in China and the main EU source of technology. (2) Financial services, aviation, telecommunications and environmental technology.
(3) Using an agent or distributor based in Hong Kong, identifying end users, entering into joint ventures.
(4) Long term commitment, ability to research the market thoroughly and forge relationships
with the Chinese.
(5) Initially, because the Chinese tend not to respond to mailshots or faxes from unknown sources. Later on, visits will be necessary as business partnerships develop.
4. Language. Articles
The uses of the indefinite, definite and zero article which appear in the text are as follows.
Indefinite article (a/an)
l When something is unspecific – one of many, precisely which one is not important: There are a number of different strategies for entering the Chinese market.
l When something is mentioned for the first time, before a shared context has been established:
There is a growing private sector within China itself.
Definite article (the)
l When the reference to something is clear because it is the only one: China (has) one fifth of the world?s population.
l When the reference to something is clear because it is defined: Success in China will require…the ability to research the market.
l When the reference to something is clear because a shared context has already been established:
It will almost always be necessary to visit the market. l When referring to superlatives:
The UK is acknowledged to be the leading European investor in China and the main EU source of technology.
l When referring to a nationality: The Chinese rarely respond to mailshots.
l When the name of a country is plural or is made up of an adjective and a general noun: The UK is acknowledged to be the leading European investor in China. l When referring to a region within a country:
Agents are often able to generate sales in mainland China, particularly in the south.
No article is used
l With most country names
Further visits to China will be necessary.
l With uncountable nouns referring to a general concept Success in China will require long term commitment. l When referring to general plural nouns The Chinese very rarely respond to mailshots.
l When referring to general plural or uncountable nouns qualified by an adjective:
China, with …one of the fastest rates of economic growth, is a major target for global business.
5. Speaking.
Each candidate chooses a topic from a list of three options (one general, one general business and one specialized business topic) and speaks about it for one minute. To avoid overlap, the candidates receive different lists. When each candidate has finished speaking, the other candidates have an opportunity to ask one or two questions. Candidates can take notes during the other candidates? presentations.
Candidates have one minute to think about what they want to say and should use the time to make notes. Students are expected to plan, organize and present their ideas clearly. They should use appropriate phrases to structure their talk.
Introduction-----Main point 1 with supporting ideas----main point 2 with supporting ideas----(main point 3 with supporting ideas) ---- conclusion
BusinesspracticeinChina Business practice in China 1. Listening.
(1) standards and expectations (2) preparatory work (3) late for meeting (4) congestion (5) senior manager (6) business cards (7) brief introduction (8) audio-visual aids (9) special dinner (10) children (11) hospitality (12) sightseeing
Vocabulary
imperative adjective
1 extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately 必须的
It is imperative that politicians should be good communicators. 政客们必须做到与别人能够有效的沟通。
it is imperative (for somebody) to do something
It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.必须做到与客户以面对面的形式见面。 ?imperatively adverb
discourteous adjective formal
not polite, and not showing respect for other people不礼貌的，失利的 ?synonym rude, impolite
It would be discourteous to ignore his request. 忽略他的要求很不礼貌。 ?discourteously adverb
congested adjective 1 full of traffic
congested airspace
The roads out of Cornwall were heavily congested (=very congested). 康沃尔外的道路堵塞严重。
2 a part of your body that is congested is very full of liquid, usually blood or mucus ?congestion noun [uncountable] traffic congestion 交通堵塞
usher verb [transitive always + adverb/preposition]
to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way带来；引导；领引
usher somebody into/to something
He ushered her into the room. 他领她进了屋。 usher somebody in
She stood back and ushered him in. 她向后退了一步，带他进来。
proceeding noun 1 the proceedings also the proceeding
an event or a series of things that happen 进程，举动，做法
We watched the proceedings in the street below. 我们关注着在楼下街道发生的事件进程。 2 [countable usually plural] when someone uses a court of law to deal with a legal case 诉讼，诉讼程序
begin/open/take proceedings (against somebody) 开始诉讼 She has begun divorce proceedings.
John is taking legal proceedings against his ex-partner. 3 the proceedings
formal the official written records of a meeting, society etc 义项，项目，活动 the proceedings of
the proceedings of the conference 大会事项
proceed verb [intransitive]
1 formal to continue to do something that has already been planned or started 继续作计划好或已开始的事情 proceed with
The government was determined to proceed with the election. 政府决定继续举行选举。 Before proceeding further, we must define our terms. 在进一步进行之前，我们必须要明确我们的条款内容。
2 formal to continue 继续
Work is proceeding according to plan. 根据计划工作继续进行。 3 proceed to do something
to do something after doing something else first - used sometimes to express surprise or