初中英语中考备考时态汇总讲解与辨析(附习题和答案)
一般过去时
结构:动词或者系词变成过去式 助词:did或系词was/were本身
(常见的不规则动词变化:
am (是) --was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(开始)--began, bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉住)--caught, come(来)--came, cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew, drink(喝)--drank, drive(驾驶)--drove, eat(吃)--ate, fall(跌倒,落下)--fell, feel(感觉)--felt, fly(飞)--flew, get(获得)--got, give(给)---gave, go(去)--went, grow(生长)--grew, have (has)(有)--had, hurt(伤害)--hurt, keep(保持)--kept, know(知道,认识)--knew, learn(学习)--learnt, leave (离开)--left, let(让)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay, make(使得,做)--made, may(可以)--might, must(必须)--must, read(读)--read, ride (骑)--rode, ring (鸣铃)--rang, run (跑)--ran, say (说)--said, see (看见)--saw, sell (卖)--sold, send(送)--sent, set (放)--set, sing(唱歌)--sang, sit (坐)--sat, sleep (睡觉)--slept, smell(闻)--smelt, speak(说话)--spoke, spend (花费)--spent, stand (站立)--stood, swim (游泳)--swam, take (拿到)--took, teach(教)--taught, tell (告诉)--told, think(认为)--thought, throw(投掷)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood, wake(唤醒)--woke, wear(穿)--wore, will(将要)--would, win(获胜)--won, write(写) --wrote)
使用系词时,用系词本身构成否定疑问等: 结构:⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。
助词:系词本身
肯定句:He was at home yesterday. 否定句:He wasn’t at home yesterday.
一般疑问句:Was he at home yesterday? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句:Where was he yesterday?
选择疑问句:Was he at home or at work? He was at home.
使用动词时,用助词did进行否定疑问等,助词出现,动词变回原形: 结构:动词变成过去式 助词:did
肯定句:I watched a film last Sunday.
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否定句:I didn’t watch a film yesterday. 一般疑问句:Did youwatch a film yesterday? 特殊疑问句: What did you do yesterday?
选择疑问句:Did you watch a movie or go shopping yesterday?I watched a movie.
使用情态动词时,用情态动词的过去式:can变形could,may变成might, shall变成should,have to变成had to,must没有变形。情态动词后加动词原形。 He could play the piano at the age of four. 在他四岁的时候他就会弹钢琴。 He had to walk home this evening. 他今天傍晚时不得不走回家。
定义一、表示过去某时或某段时间发生的动作或状态
时间状语有:What time:at eight,When: yesterday morning, ten minutes ago, when引导的时间状语从句, last year, in 1998, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, this morning, at the end of last term, the other day,in those days, in the old days,How long: for two days
Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning. 小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了。
When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.
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他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)。
I lived there for three years. 我住在那里三年。 注意:
1. 说话双方都明白的过去事件经常省略时间状语。
How nice to see you here! I thought you were out. 在这见到你真好啊。我原以为你出去了。
---Look at the sign,“No smoking!”--- Sorry, I didn’t see it. 看标牌,“禁止吸烟!” 对不起,我(刚才)没看到。
I happened to meet Rose in the street. 我(刚才/过去某时)正好在街上遇到露西。
Lu Xun was a great writer. 鲁迅是一个伟大的作家。
What did you say? 你(刚才)说什么?
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2.表过去是这样,现在完全改变了。
I used to be a teacher.
我过去曾是一名教师。表示现在已经不是教师了。
I used to talk a walk in the park.
我过去常在这个公园散步。言外之意,现在不这样做了。
I was a teacher three years ago. 三年前我是一名老师。
定义二、表过去经常性习惯性动作。
时间状语有:When: last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years) How often:sometimes, always, never等。
He usually went to evening schools when he was young. 当他小的时候,他通常上夜校。
Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. 他(那时)每天都去那个富人那里并且从他借一些书。
定义三、用过去时形式表委婉语气,没有过去时的含义。 Could you lend me your pen? 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?
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often, usually,
Could you tell me where he lives?
你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?(委婉形式,无过去时之意,从句不变成过去时。)
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
1. 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“ have/ has + 过去分词”。 2. 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 试比较以下几组句子: ①Have you seen the film ? Did you see the film?
第一句句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解,即现在情况;第二句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。 ②How has he done it ? How did he do it?
第一句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;第二句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 ③He has lived in Beijing for 8 years . He lived in Beijing for 8 years.
第一句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。第二句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了。
(2)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只
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