subject to
set aside
carry forward
full measure of sth.
settle for
pack up
worldly possessions time and again stand pat
pick oneself up dust off
call for fair play call on
in doubt fix on
depending on whether something happens 取决于?的；有待于?的
not consider something, because other things are more important 暂时不考虑
develop; continue 发展；继续
(fml.) all of something or something at its strongest, most powerful, etc. 某物的全部；某物的最大程度
accept or agree to (esp. a less desirable alternative) （无奈地）同意接受（尤指非首选的替代方案）
put things into a bag, case, or box so that you can take or send them somewhere 把物品装进（包、箱子、盒子以便携带或寄送） all the things that someone owns 某人的全部财产 on many occasions 反复，多次
AmE refuse to change your decision or opinion 固执己见 raise oneself after a fall or failure （跌倒后）再爬起来
wipe dust or dirt off the surface of something 擦去/拍去/拂去?的灰尘 need 需要
fair and honest treatment of people 公平竞争
ask or demand that somebody do something 请求，要求（某人做某事）
open to question 不确定的；可争论的
look at or think about something with great attention 注视，凝视；集中
Proper Names
Barack
Obama 巴拉克·奥巴马（1961～，美国第44任总统）
美国西部地区 /????????????????/
the West 康科德（马萨诸塞州的一个小镇，美国革命中著名战役
康科德战役的战场） Concord /????????/
葛底斯堡（宾夕法尼亚州的一个小镇，美国南北战争中
著名战役葛底斯堡战役的战场） Gettysburg /??????????/
诺曼底（法国北部地区，第二次世界大战中盟军士兵在
诺曼底登陆，开辟了第二战场） Normandy /?????????/
溪山（越南地区，曾是越南战争时期美国海军基地，越
战中著名的溪山战役的战场） Khe Sanh /????????/
草地广场（华盛顿特区的一个公园，在白宫对面，其中
有林肯纪念堂、华盛顿纪念碑等著名建筑） Mall /???/
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Exercises
Comprehension of the Text
I. Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.
1. Which of the following statements can not be used to describe President Obama’s feeling when giving this address?
A. He feels that he is unimportant comparing to the task lying before America. B. He is thankful to people who have supported him.
C. He remembers those who devoted themselves to this country. D. He feels that it is a day worthy of remembrance.
2. According to President Obama, the presidential oaths have been taken ________. A. always in time of prosperity B. in time with bad weather C. only in peaceful time
D. both in difficult and prosperous times
3. Which of the following is not an indicator of crisis?
A. We all fail to make difficult choices and prepare the nation for a new age. B. We are fighting against violence and hatred.
C. People lost their jobs and businesses were closed.
D. More and more evidences show that we use the energy in a wrong way. 4. Because of this crisis, people are afraid that ________. A. we may use up our energy resources very soon
B. America will not be the most powerful country any longer C. people will lose their confidence in our country D. they will be fired and lead a miserable life
5. According to the passage, the challenges we face ________. A. are not difficult to deal with
B. will be met in a short period of time C. are great in number and dangerous D. will be met as we all know
6. It is implied in paragraph 11 that our journey is ________. A. shorter than the other ways B. full of pleasure
C. a path to fame and wealth D. long and difficult
7. Why did the president mention Concord, Gettysburg, Normandy and Khe Sanh? A. Because they are famous places in the US.
B. Because they are places where people struggled and sacrificed. C. Because they are destinations of those who traveled to America.
D. Because they are places where people worked hard to build this country.
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8. The present time is different from the past in that ________.
A. we can no longer be stubborn or hesitant when making decisions B. we are no longer the most powerful and wealthy nation in the world C. our products are no longer needed in the society because of the crisis D. we are not as capable as before
9. What is the price and promise of citizenship?
A. To accept and devote to the difficult task facing us.
B. To recognize that we are in a new era with more duties than before. C. To shape an uncertain destiny.
D. To build a country where everyone’s equal. 10. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To show the new president’s gratitude to his supporters.
B. To call on the public to build up confidence and fight against the crisis. C. To clarify the responsibilities of a president.
D. To express his resolution to build a prosperous and powerful country.
Vocabulary
II. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase from the box. Change the form where necessary.
at war plow strengthen 1. The organization’s aim is to ________ the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.
2. Some new research is being done on the effects that sex and ________ on television might have on viewers.
3. A country’s future ________ depends, to an extent, upon the quality of education of its people. 4. She had to ________ an unskilled job because there was no work for people with her qualifications.
5. We would be grateful for your ________ in clearing the hall as quickly as possible. 6. This carpet ________ easily, so try not to spill anything on it.
7. Over a time ________ of only two years, the new government has transformed the country’s economic prospects.
8. It is feared that calls for national ________ will be futile in the present climate of fighting. 9. They had been ________ for five years, and there was still no sign of victory. 10. You can take it as a(n) _______ that there will be champagne at the wedding. 11. In Sri Lanka a small tractor can ________ an acre in six to nine hours. 12. I’m afraid I can’t ________ that sort of behaviour in my class.
13. They said the greatest virtues in a politician were integrity, correctness and ________.
cooperation prosperity tolerate given settle for unity honesty span uncertain in doubt stain violence 28
14. Ever since we heard the rumour that the factory might be closing, our future has become ________.
15. His ability has never been ________ — the question is whether he is prepared to work hard.
III. Replace each of the underlined parts in the following sentences with a word or
phrase from the text. Change the form where necessary.
1. That was the famous speech in which he announced publicly that slavery was dead. 2. Fortunately, none of the passengers had been seriously injured in the accident. 3. The people had to gather up their few belongings and escape to the hills.
4. We were all surprised to know that the little girl was the second daughter of a rich merchant banker.
5. The police have thanked the local community for their assistance in the search for the missing boy.
6. The country seems to have made a quick and successful transition to a market economy. 7. The lack of books and the poor condition of the school buildings are worrying parents. 8. We must grasp every opportunity to reinforce economic ties with other countries.
IV. Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letter. Fill in each blank with one word only.
1. It’s hard to believe that in this p________ country, hunger could be a serious problem. 2. While she was changing the wheel on her car, her coat had been s________ with oil. 3. Their clothes were of thin cotton cloth, even in the d________ of winter. 4. I don’t want to a________ you but I think there is a serious problem.
5. Many illnesses in the elderly can result from the h________ they have suffered throughout life. 6. Another defeat in parliament would seriously w________ the president’s ability to govern. 7. Make sure that you take all your personal p________ with you on leaving the train.
8. Britain proudly p________ that it is a nation of animal lovers and friends of environment.
9. It was so c________ of him to stamp out of the restaurant just because people didn’t agree with what he said.
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Reading Skills
Identifying the Author’s Point of View
The author’s point of view refers to his or her opinion on an issue. An author may support an issue, or may be against it. It is important to recognize the author’s point of view. Otherwise, you will not know which side of an issue he or she favors.
To identify the author’s point of view, you can ask yourself this question, ―What is the author’s position on this issue?‖ To answer this question, look for the words that reveal his or her support of or opposition to something.
Here are some examples of words that reflect a point of view in favor of environmental protection.
Supporting environmental protection is essential because …
The proposed environmental protection measures will benefit all the citizens of our state because …
And the following are examples of words that reflect a point of view in opposition to pollution. It is not in the best interest of the factory to have a production line which pollutes the environment because …
Voters should oppose the establishment of the factories which will cause serious pollution because …
Concerned citizens should speak out against the industrial pollution because … Below is another example from Section B of Unit 3, Book 3:
Although most people have long expressed agreement with the proposition that obtaining more money doesn’t lead to more happiness, that admission has had no noticeable effect on their behavior. Economists recently have provided empirical backing for the proposition. Surveys asking people how happy they are indicate that the average level of happiness has not increased over several decades, despite large increases in income per capita.
In this article, I argue that the proposition that money and happiness are not positively related is problematic; among other things, it is wrong. More real purchasing power (or wealth, which is what must be meant by ―more money‖) brings about a tremendous amount of human happiness.
What point of view have most people long agreed with? According to the word ―agreement‖ in the first line in Paragraph 1, we can tell that most people hold the view that ―obtaining more money
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