主谓一致
1.(2013·福建卷)The famous musician,as well as his students,________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A.were invited C.have been invited
B.was invited D.has been invited
解析: 句意为:那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上演出。本题既考查主谓一致又考查动词的时态。题干中的主语是The famous musician,是单数形式,排除A和C项。根据the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知谓语动词需用过去时态,排除D项。
答案: B
2.(2013·江苏卷)Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A.is C.was
B.are D.were
解析: 句意为:一般来说,学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。本题考查主谓一致。本题中由with连接两个成分,即A with B,谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致,所以本句谓语动词应该和students’ inner motivation保持一致,用单数。本句说的是一般情况,所以用一般现在时态。
答案: A
3.(2013·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________around $8,450 a year,which________a burden for some of them.
A.are;is C.is;are
B.are;are D.is;is
解析: 句意为:这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8 450美元,这一点对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。本题考查主谓一致。第一空:因为主语是living expenses,是复数,所以谓语动词要用复数形式are;第二空:主语是which,用来替代前面的句子,所以谓语动词要用单数形式is。
答案: A
4.(2012 ·湖南卷)All the scientific evidence________that increasing use of chemicals in farming________damaging our health.
A.show;are C.show;is
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B.shows;are D.shows;is
解析: 考查主谓一致。evidence作“证据,证明”讲时是不可数名词,故第一空用shows;increasing use of chemicals in farming是动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数,故第二空用is。
答案: D
主谓一致的难点在于它常与动词时态、语态结合起来进行考查;在做这类题目时,我们往往顾此失彼。解决方法是:先由主语的形式确定单复数;然后由语境或时间状语确定时态;最后由主语和谓语的逻辑关系确定语态。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
一、语法一致原则
主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2009·陕西高考)Mr Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。 I think Tom,rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。 二、就近一致原则
1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(2009·湖南高考)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 三、意义一致原则
1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
A needle and thread was given to her,but she could not sew the button on.
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针线给了她,但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
2.“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。
1.(2014·陕西西安名校第五次模拟)Either the judge or the lawyers________wrong on the case at that moment.
A.is C.were
B.are D.was
解析: 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:那时,在这件案子上,不是法官错就是律师们错了。并列主语由either...or...,neither...nor...等连接时,谓语应与最邻近的主语的数保持一致,据题干中or后的the lawyers和at that moment可知本题选C。
答案: C
2.(2014·陕西宝鸡质量检测二)We each________strong points,but each of us on the other hand ________weak points.
A.have;have C.have;has
B.has;have D.has;has
解析: 考查主谓一致。句意为:我们每个人都有优点,但是另外一方面我们每个人也有缺点。第一空前的each作We的同位语,所以谓语动词应和We保持一致,用复数形式;第二空谓语动词的形式应和each of us保持一致,用单数形式。
答案: C
3.(2014·陕西西安高三第三次教学质量检测)—Ted,will you go shopping with me this afternoon?
—I would like to,but my neighbor,a lovely girl,along with her friends,________me to join them in building a snowman.
A.has invited C.are inviting
B.have invited D.is inviting
解析: 考查主谓一致和时态。句意为:——Ted,今天下午和我去购物,好吗?——我
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想去,但我的邻居,一个可爱的女孩,以及她的朋友已邀请我与她们一起堆雪人了。答语中的主语是my neighbor,a lovely girl是my neighbor的同位语,当主语后跟along with引导的词组时,谓语动词的单复数视主语情况而定,故谓语动词用单数形式。因为此处强调的是动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。
答案: A
4.(2014·安徽芜湖三校一模)A recent study has found that the number of smokers________sharply over the past five years.
A.is increasing
C.has been increasing
B.are increasing D.have been increasing
解析: 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:最近一项研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟者人数急剧上升。a number of接复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,而the number of后接复数名词作主语,谓语动词则用第三人称单数;时间状语over the past five years表明用现在完成进行时态。
答案: C - 4 -