初中英语讲义(教案): 初一英语 名次和代词专题讲解

2018-11-19 22:50

名词和代词

一、导入

跟着女生去教室 读大学时,有天去上课,走到楼下时我后面有两个男生。 一个说在315教室,另一个说在316教室。两人争论很久。 其中一个就说:“前面那个女生(也就是我)好像也是上那课的,我们跟着她走就好了。” 于是我走到三楼转弯,毫不犹豫地拐进女厕所??

二、(1)专题讲解 ☆专题1:名词

名词:表示人或事物的名称。

专有名词:China, Beijing, the Yellow River, Saturday, etc.

单数:boy

名词 可数名词: student , job ,book , etc .

普通名词 复数:boys

不可数名词: water, coffee, air,chicken,etc. 1. 名词单数

可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an ? 答:以元音音标(或音素)开头的用an.

以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用a。

2. 名词复数

? 可数名词的复数,表示两个或更多的人或物。

一般名词的复数形式:

1) 一般名词的复数形式以加-s或-es的方式构成: 情况 一般情况 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 加法 加-s 加-es 例词 brothers, sisters, schools ,books buses, foxes, watches, dishes lady→ladies , country→countries (boys toys ways) pianos, photos, zoos heroes, negroes ,tomatoes, potatoes leaf →leaves , wife→ wives knife →knives, wolf→ wolves 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es 以o结尾的名词多数 少数以o结尾的名词 以f或fe结尾的名词多数 加-s 加-es 变f或fe为v,再加-es 例如:desk→ monkey→ box→ wife→

2) 不规则的复数形式(常见):

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man → tooth → foot → woman→

Child → goose → mouse → sheep→ 3) 单复数词形相同的词:sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese etc.

4) 表示某国人的名词:中国人、日本人,复数不需加-s(Chinese, Japanese)

英国人、法国人,要把man变成men(Englishmen, Frenchmen)

速记口诀:男人、女人变一个;鹅、脚、牙齿变两个;小孩后面加三个;中、日、绵羊、

小鹿永不变。

3. 名词所有格(’s)

’s词尾的加法

? 在单数情况下直接加’s She is my wife’s sister. ? 在复数词尾 Women’s day The students’ rooms

? 两个或多个人共有,只在最后一个人的名词后加’s ; 童鞋,饿了没? 若为各自所有则在各个名词后加’s Tom and Jim’s room Tom’s and Jim’s rooms

☆专题2: 代词

代词:指在句中代替名词,名词性的短语、词组或句子的词。

分类:人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,反身代词等等。

一、人称代词:指代人和事物的词。人称代词有人称、数、格的变化,具体如下: 格 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 数 主格 I You He She It 单数 宾格 me you him her it 复数 主格 We You They 宾格 us you them 例:

1. 他把他的书给我。 2.Can you help ______?( 我们 )

3.This box is too heavy. I can't carry _________(它). 4.________(他们)go to school by bus 。

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二、物主代词:表示所属关系的代词。 数 类型 名词性 单数 your yours his his her hers its its 复数 our ours your yours their theirs 形容词性 my mine 例: _______(我的)mother is tall .

这是他朋友的车,你们的车在那边。

形容词性物主代词构成的固定短语:

do one’s homework 做作业 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 all one’s life 终生;一生 on one’s way to 在···的路上

三、指示代词:指代或标记人或事物的代词。

他们有:

单数:this ______ , that ______ 复数:these ______ , those ______ 例:

1.I like ______ (这张)picture .

2.______(那个)boy can play football . 3.What are those? 那些是什么?

那些是我们的英语书。 4. 这些照片是旧的。

(2)变式练习

一.写出下列名词的复数形式

watch_____________ brush_____________ dress_____________ tooth_____________ mouse_____________ woman_____________ goose_____________ foot______________ sheep_____________ deer______________ child_____________ sandwich__________ 二. 用a 或an填空。

1.Is there_________ umbrella on the desk?

2.There is___________ island (小岛)in the sea. 3.There is_____________ picture on the card. 4.I have_____________ old book. 5.__________ apple is a kind of fruit.

6.There is______________ armchair(扶手椅)in the living room.

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7.I’d like__________ egg. 三.填空题(括号内有提示)

1.There is something wrong with Jane.Let’s help _____.( 她 ) 2.This is ____ ( 我 ) car.

3.Excuse me,is this her cat? ---No,It’s_____.( 他的 ) 4.My big is small. Can I use _____.( 你们的 ) 5.The desk is _____.( 我的 )

6.This is ____( 我 )book. That is _____( 她 ) 7.My father often tells _____( 我们 ) some stories. 8._____( 这 ) eraser is mine ._____( 那 ) pens are yours.

四、巩固练习

1.用a或an填空

_____ pen _____ tiger _____ apple ____pencil _____ egg ____orange ____elephant _____bed 2.写出下列单词的复数形式:

man ______ mouse______ foot______ woman______ Child______ goose ______ sheep______ tooth______ movie______ life ______ knife______ leaf ______ 3.单选题

1.It is ____.

A. milk B. a milk C. an milk D. milks 2.It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____.

A.apple, egg B.cake,egg C.egg,orange, D.egg,cake 3.Tom and Jim are ___.

A.friends Bfriend C.brother D.sister

五、拓展训练

名词专项练习

一.选择题

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1. There are some ________ on the hill.

A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes 2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.

A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books. A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's 4. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class. A. students B. students C. student's D. students' 代词专项练习 一.选择题

1. She is a student, _____ name is Julia.

A. its B. her C. hers D. his 2. Could you help _____ with _______ English, please.

A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 3. A friend of _____ came here yesterday.

A. my B. his C. him D. himself 4. ______ pencil-box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ______. A. Toms, my, he B. Tom's, mine, his C. Tom's, mine, him D. Tom's, my, his 二.填空题(括号内有提示)

1.There is something wrong with Jane . Let’s help _____.( 她 ) 2.Can you help _____.( 我们 )

3.Excuse me, is this her cat? ---No,It’s_____.( 他的) 4. My bag is small. Can I use _____.( 你们的) 5.The desk is _____.( 我的 ) 三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空 1. Your football clothes are on the desk.

Please put _________(they,them,their,theirs) away. 2. (We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.

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We all like _________(she,her,hers).

3. (I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can't get my kite. Could you help _________(I,me,my,mine)?

4. I want a football. Give __________(I,me,my,mine) the green one,please.

当堂过手训练(快练五分钟,稳准建奇功!)

一.写出下列单词的复数形式 (共 60分,每题3分)

photo______ piano______ zoo______ tomato_____

bus______ watch______ box______ book______ picture_____ class______ country______ tooth______ woman ______ eye______ Chinese______ man______ football______ child______ room______ monkey______ 二.用a\\an填空(共18分,每题3分)

____apple ____pear ____banana ____ship ____student ____egg 三.单选题(共20分,每题5分) 1. There are five_____ in the hill.

A.sheep B.sheeps C. goose D.deers 2. The little baby has two______________ already.

A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 3. I found my black cat in_____ room.

A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's

C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike 4. How much are the _____ ?

A. bread B. meats C. potatos D. tomatoes

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