高三动词的时态和语态复习学案
一． 考纲解读
英语中动词共有16种时态，高考重点考察十种时态。分别是：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，将来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时。时态题在语篇完形和改错题中考查。
二．时态和语态的主要考点 （1）、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。 （2）、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题, and 前后动词时态不一致, 第三人称单数形式错用。
三．时态和语态题的解题方法
1.从时间状语上去判断时态.有时候改错题中的时态单就从一两个句子上便可判断出来，因为我们熟悉的一些时态标志词。如四大典型时态常见的标志词： 1.一般过去时态：yesterday, last Sunday morning, last year, two hours ago, just now, the other day, once upon a time, in 1945等。
2.一般现在时态：now, today, always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, every day, on Sundays等。
3.现在完成时态：so far, since, in the past 5 years ,by now, in recent years 等。
4.一般将来时态：tomorrow ，in the future ， next week, soon , in the 22nd century等。 改错：
1）Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York. （NMET92）
2）Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.（NMET93）
3）I’m very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far .（05福建） 4).Since long ago, many adults and children called their friends together to spend hours ..（05湖北）
5).During the World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.（05浙江）
2.从平行连词前后看时态差异.其实表示平行并列关系的连词也是改错题中很重要的标志词，如and ,or ,not only…but also ,but, so 等。这些词前后的时态应该是一致的，目前来看，一般都把错处设在平行连词之后。 改错.
1.He not only came to see me but also tell me the news. 2. I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET2000)
3.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
4.I was a school student then from a low-income family ,so I have to work to support my family.
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四．常考时态的结构及常见标志性时间状语 语态 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去完成时 现在完成时 将来完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成进行时 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 一般现在时 every …, sometimes, often, usually, always, on Sunday 现在进行时 now, always, all the time 现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, recently 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while 过去完成时 …before, by, until, when, after 一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in… 过去将来时 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作 2
五．考点讲练
1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作
1. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 ①Knowledge begins with practice. ② She said that the sea water is salty. 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等
The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 1.If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. 2.I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _____ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have 3.----Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green?
-----You can when you _____ a bit more skilled.
A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
2 一般过去时的用法
1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。
1.----Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） ----Well , it _____ me.
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been
2.----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. ---Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that?
A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you known C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you known 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。
① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完） ② I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完） 1.----Has Tommy finished his job yet?
----I have no idea of it ; he ____ it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
2.As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ______asleep.
A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell
3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
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4.---I’m sorry , I shouldn’t have been so rude to you. -----You _____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing.
3. 一般将来时
1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。
2 .表示将来时的四种形式 ①will /shall +动词原形 ②be going to do
③be about to do(正要干什么) ④be to do
1 be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。
1. ----The telephone is ringing. ----I _____ answer it.
A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to 2.---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
2.be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain. 3. be to和be going to
①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
②be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 4．be about to do 表示“正要干什么…”， 表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词。 构成句型： …be about to do …when…. I was about to leave when it rained. 特别注意
（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。 The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to )
（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
I’ve won a holiday for two to Floria. I ______my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been
4. 现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。
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①I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.
②Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology___ so rapidly.
A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change ③Please call again. Jim _____ a bath now.
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
④My money _____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before I’ve none in hand.
A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out ⑤I can guess you were in a hurry. You _____ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing
特殊用性：
1.现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, 等。
We’re moving to the new building next week.
2.现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。
You are always forgetting the important things.
1.You _____things about . Look, what a mess in you room! A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown 2.You ______ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
5.过去进行时
1．表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.---Hey ,look where you are going? -----Oh, I’m terribly sorry ._______. A. I’m not noticing B. I don’t noticing C. I haven’t noticing D. I was n’t noticing 2.-----Hey ,what did I say? -----I _________.
A. I’m not listening B. I was not listening C. I don’t listened D. I didn’t listen 2． 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完成，也可以不一定完成。 ③-----Why didn’t you join us last night?
-----I _____ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.
A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching ④----Why weren’t you at the meeting?
----I ____ for a long –distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been
3． 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 o’clock last night
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