重点 to作介词+Ving
1. I like to listen to music.
2. I’m looking forward to seeing you again. 3. I’m used to getting up early. I used to get up late.
4. He devoted his whole life to curing the sick in Africa. 5. 他爱说谎
He is given to lying.
6. He prefers skiing to(prep.) skating.
He prefers to ski (toV) rather than skate.
to+VR/to+Ving
1. He is accustomed to live/living alone.
2. I came(went) near(差一点) to run/running over a cat. 我差一点碾到一只猫
3. He took to drink/drinking after the death of his son. 二. 用不定词/动名词当受词 To+VR/to+Ving区别 A>to+VR当受词
1. The police consented to detect the crime without delay. 警察同意立刻调查该项罪行.
2. He professed to know a lot about China.
B>Ving
1. Have you finished writing an answer to his letter? 你写好了给他的回信了吗?
I will answer the door. 我去开门.
2. Fortunately, he escaped getting hurt. 免于受伤.
A>toVR=toVing 意思一样
1. They ceased singing/to sing. Stop toVR和toVing不同
2. I intend majoring/to major in economics in college. mayor ['mε?] n. 市长
B>toVR不同于toVing
1. The boy tired to movie the heavy sofa. >try toVR 设法去做(不定做没做)
The boy tried moving the heavy sofa. >try Ving 尝试(已经在做了) 2. Remember to lock the door. >祈使句一般都是要去做的 I remember locking the door last night 3. I’ll never forget hearing her song. I forget to hear her song.
4. He stopped having breakfast. > break打破 fast斋戒>前一天晚上斋戒未吃,今天第一餐
He stopped to have a cup of coffee.
5. I regret not taking care of myself. >regret Ving 后悔(做了某事) I regret to say that I can’t help you. >regret toVR 抱歉遗憾(没有做某事)
take good care of 三. 动词意义上的主词
1. Philip dislikes Amy's/Amy wearing mini-skirts. like v.喜欢,dislike prep.像look like, unlike
Amy wear miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy wearing mini-skirts. Wearing miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy's wearing mini-skirts. 2. I can’t bear/stand him/his shouting when he is angry.
3. I am confident of our team’s /our team winning the tournament. 4. She is proud of her son/her son’s being clever. pride是名词和动词: n. 自豪
常用的结构：
take pride in sth. 为某事骄傲 例句：
They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为他那科学家的女儿而感到自豪
v.使自夸
常用结构：pride oneself on 例句：
We prided ourselves on our good work. 我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。
而proud 是形容词
常用结构：be proud of sth. 例句：
I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪 四.
否定形 not(never)+Ving
5. I am ashamed of not knowing the answer. Shame on you!＝ For shame!
6. John ‘s not knowing of their marriage made thing more complicated.
被动态 being+p.p
7. I don’t like being made fun of.
8. The regulation saves the area from being damaged.
完成形 having+p.p
9. She isn’t aware of having done wrong
只有VR才能加ing 而若用过去式则不能加ing 故用完成时代替过去式 She isn’t aware that she did wrong.
She is proud of being a teacher. She is proud that she is a teacher.
10. He regrets not having studied harder in school. 五. 含动名词的惯用表现
1. There is no Ving? ?是无法做到的
There is no telling what will happen next. 我们无法预知未来 Tell A from B 分辨A和B
There is no accounting for tastes. 人的好恶是无法解释的 =It is impossible to account for tastes. =We cannot account for tastes.
2. It is no use/good Ving ?是没有用的
It is no use crying over spilled/spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is no use/good trying to persuade him. =It is of no use trying to persuade him. =There is no use in trying to persuade him. =It is no use for you to try to persuade. =It is useless for you to try to persuade. 3. feel like Ving 想要 like(prep.)
feel like N 感觉/摸起来像什么 / 想要
I feel like a drink=I feel like drinking/having a drink =I want a have a drink.
=I would like to have a drink. 4. Cannot help Ving
I couldn’t help laughing when I saw his haircut. =I couldn’t but laugh when I saw his haircut.
When I heard the news, I couldn’t but cry.
When I heard the news, I couldn’t help crying. When I heard the news, I couldn’t help but cry.
5. Be worth Ving
Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
=No matter what is worth doing is worth doing well 只要有一点值得做的事情就值得好好做
This book is worth reading.
=It is worth (your) while reading/to read the book.
It would be worth his while helping/to help the foreigner. 6. On ving 一?就?
On coming home, he switched on the TV.
As soon as he came home, he switched on the TV. 7. In Ving 当?时 =when/while
I slipped in getting off the train.
=I slipped when/while I was getting off the train.
Get on the bus. Get off the bus.
Get in the car. Get out of the car. 弯腰进,门低的 8. It goes without saying that ? 不用说?
It goes without saying that our plans depend on the weather. =Needless to say, our plans depend on the weather. 9. What do you say Ving? ?如何?
What do you say to taking a walk by the sea? How about taking a walk by the sea? What about taking a walk by the sea? 10. Need,want,deserve,stand等+Ving >被动 This watch needs repairing.
The child wants scolding. 这孩子需要被骂. He deserves helping. 他值得别人帮忙 You deserve it. 名至实归/罪有应得
This cloth does not stand/bear washing. 这块布禁不起洗.
★假设语气★
〈第14卷〉假设法现在式、假设法过去式 英文中按照表达的语气可以分成三种： 直述句(直接叙述)：我的学生。你是老师。 假设句 祈使句
假设语气
<直述句> If you are free, please help me with my homework. <假设句> If I were free, I could help you with your homework. 很明显直述和假设在动词的时态上有明显的差别。
现在式：大自然不变的道理(亘古不变)；不是一个时间点，而是一个时间段。
学习重点
过去完成-》过去式-》现在式-》未来式
事实和假设时态差一级(往前推一级)，例如：与现在事实相反用过去式。 如果明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。对未来的假设用的就是现在式。