英语分类语法复习资料
一、词法 1、名词 A）、名词的数 规则变化略
一）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
二）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员 三）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
四）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
五） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下： 一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间） 2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself It it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves 3.冠词 1）不定冠词a/an的用法，是根据读音来用比如hour前要用an，a European country/an English book/an umbrella用在有形容词修饰的名词前的用法，比如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书a delicious apple 一个可口的苹果 an apple 一个苹果。以及一日三餐前比如have breakfast和have a big breakfast. 2）定冠词the的用法。a.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词的前面。The world/the sun/the earth/the east/west/north/south/left/right等b.用在专有名词前面。the Great Wall/the People’s Republic of China. c.
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用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妇二人。the Smiths/Zhangs. d. 用在乐器名词前。Play the guitar/violin/piano. 3）零冠词的用法。a.国名人名地名节日月份前不加冠词。Tian’anmen Square/Tom/China/New Year’s Day b. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane. [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1．表示“??一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”；
2． hour 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour； 3．用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。 热身练习
1.想一想，将下表补充完整。
2.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 5）_______ dresses are red. ( we ) What color are ______? ( you ) 6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
7）I have a beautiful cat. ______name is Mimi. These cakes are ______. ( it )
8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.( we ) 10）_____ is my aunt. Do you know _____ job? ______ a nurse. ( she )
11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 12）Don’t touch ______. _______ not a cat, _______ a tiger! ( it ) 13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she ) ( )1. Tom Hanks is American actor.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )2. –Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? --Yes. I’ve had wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. an
( )3. --Ellen, you look so happy. --Well, I’ve got A in my history test. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )5. ---What’s this in English? ---It’s ruler. A. a B. the C. 不填
( )6. We’re going to have exam tomorrow.
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A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )7. There is apple tree in my garden. It’s over ten years old. A. the B. a C. an D. 不填
( )8. ---What can I do for you? ---I want orange blouse for my daughter. A. an B. the C., a D. /
( )9. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What a, an B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )10. ---Do you know lady in blue？ A. the B. a C. an D. 不填
( )11. ---Excuse me, sir, which cup is yours? --- small one. A. / B. A C. An D. The
( )12. history of this special Pacific island brought unusual feeling to me. A. The, a B. A, an C. The, an D. A, a
( )13. This is song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it beautiful one? A. the, a B. the, the C. a, a D. a , the
( )14. Look at skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mother’s Day. Isn’t it nice? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )15. ---Mum, where is my MP3? ---It’s in black box near the computer. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )16. ---Who is man with glasses?---Oh, he’s our new English teacher, Mr. Li. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )17. My brother studies in university. university is very far from here. A. an, The B. a, The C. the, A D. a, A
( )18. Could you tell me answer to this problem? I can’t work out it myself.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )19. People like to see films on TV instead of going to cinema. A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填
( )20. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on third Sunday in June.
A. the, 不填 B. the , a C. 不填，the D. a, 不填
( )21. ---What can I do for you, madam? ---I want ______orange skirt for my daughter.
A. a B. the C. an D.不填 ( )22. ---Did you do well in ______ English exam?
---Yes, I got “A”.
A. the, an B. an, the C. a, / D. the, a
( )23. ---What are you going to be when you grow up?---I hope to be ___ animal doctor when I grow up. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )24. ---What’s the matter with you?---I caught_____ bad cold and had to stay in_____bed.
A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the
( )25. ---Did you see the football match last night?---Yes, I’ve never seen_____exciting match before.
A. such a B. so a C. such an D. so an
( )26. ---How do you get home from _____? By bus?---No, I walk._______isn’t very far.
A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. the school, School D. school, School ( )27. My uncle isn’t_____old man, and he likes playing______football.
A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, /
( )28. ---How far is it from our school to ______seaside?---It is_______ eight-kilometer walk from here.
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A. the, an B. /, an C. the, a D. /, a
( )1. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________. A aunt...five minutes' walk B aunt's...five minute's walk C aunt...five minute's walk D aunt's...five minutes' walk ( )2. A computer is one of the greatest ________ in this century. A inventors B inventions C invitations D invention ( )3. We haven't ________ homework to do today.
A many B a lot of C few D much
( )4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of ________.Yesterday he told us his ________ in the U.S. A experience...experience B experiences...experiences C experience...experiences D experiences...experience
( )5. Three hours ________ enough for a __________ boy to read books. A is...ten-year-old B are...ten-year-old C is...ten-years-old D are...ten-years-old ( )6. _________that pair of new _________ expensive?
A Is...shoe B Are...shoe C Is...shoes D Are...shoes
( )7. Linda, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.
A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C frozen food D rice dumplings ( )8. The two ________ are my________.
A womans doctors...girls friends B women doctors...girls friends C woman doctors...girl friends D women doctors...girl friends ( )9. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail.
A some good information B some good informations C good informations D a good information ( )10. These are ________ houses.
A Wang and my uncle B the Wang's and my uncle's C the Wangs' and my uncle D the Wangs' and my uncle's ( )11. People waste _______ water every day.
A a large number of B a huge amount of C many D quite a lot ( )12. They tended(照顾)________,and buried(埋葬)_________.
A wounded...dead B the wounded...dead C the wounded...the dead D wounded...the dead ( )13. We are__________.They are_________.
A Chinese...Germen B Chinese...German C Chinese...Germany D Chinese...Germans ( )14.Did you have a lot of _________ last weekend?
A funny B funnies C fun D funs ( )15. Which is wrong?_________
A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables? B How much carton of milk is there on the table? C How many cartons are there on the table? D How much milk is there on the table?
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3、动词
A） 第三人称单数 略
特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 现在分词 变化规则略
注：以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下： 一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且且末尾只有一个辅音字母，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest , hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(好坏多少远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;一、二、三，特殊记,一二三尾t,d,d；八去t,九去e；five,twelve两兄弟，要以f代ve;若是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以。
e.g.first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式 1.陈述句 肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句
a)These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句
a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a)Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句
a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e ) Is she reading? 肯定回答:
a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t.
d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
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