本科毕业设计（论文）
北京市居住建筑采暖空调系统设计 ——基于建筑气候设计原理工程设计实践
Heating and air conditional system design of residential
building in Beijing city
——Based on climate considerations in building design
学 院（系）： 专 业： 建筑环境与设备工程 学 生 姓 名： 学 号： 指 导 教 师： 评 阅 教 师： 完 成 日 期：
大连理工大学
Dalian University of Technology
北京市居住建筑采暖空调系统设计——基于建筑气候设计原理工程设计实践
摘 要
本设计为北京市某居住建筑采暖空调系统节能设计。除完成建筑环境与设备工程常规设计内容外，还与建筑学院进行联合毕业设计，成立了联合设计小组，其基本要求是最大限度地利用被动式设计手法营造全年室内舒适性热湿环境。
首先，本次设计对三栋不同类型（多层、小高层和高层）的建筑进行了负荷计算及特性分析，计算结果表明新风冷负荷与日射得热之和占总冷负荷的一半以上；而冬季通过门窗围护结构传热和冷风渗透形成的热负荷占了大部分比例。经过系统方案论证比较，最终选择多联机空调系统与热水采暖系统相结合。本设计对空调风系统及采暖管道进行了水力计算，并对多联机系统室内机与室外机、新风系统、热回收装置、风机、气流组织、散热器、地板辐射加热管等进行了选择。绘制了空调系统平面布置图及系统图，采暖系统平面布置图及系统图，防排烟系统图等，撰写了设计施工说明书。
其次，本次联合设计部分的主要内容是根据北京地区的气候特征，以优先考虑冬季采暖需求设计、其次考虑夏季降温需求为原则，在原有方案的基础上，通过设置附加阳光间、增强通风等被动式策略，使最终方案节能率达到78.3%。
最后，本次设计的个人重点是应用了PHPP软件进行不同建筑设计方案全年能量需求的计算，并通过调研，重点研究了建筑节能设计的技术经济比较方法。
关键词：建筑气候设计；空调系统设计；联合毕业设计；技术经济分析
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北京市居住建筑采暖空调系统设计——基于建筑气候设计原理工程设计实践
Heating and air conditional system design of residential
building in Beijing city
——Based on climate considerations in building design
Abstract
This project is a residential building heating and air conditioning system design in Beijing. In addition to the conventional design of the architectural environment and equipment engineering, this project is also a joint graduation design with the School of Architecture, establishing of a joint design team, whose basic requirement is to maximize the use of passive design techniques to create a full-year indoor comfort heat and moisture environment.
Firstly, this project analyzed the load characteristics of three type of buildings, respectively multilayer, small high-rise and high-rise, and also the result indicated that the new air-cooled load with the insulation heat took up more than half of the total while the heat transfer of doors and windows accounted for most of the proportion in winter. According to the comparison of the system solutions, this project ultimately chose a combination of multi-connected air conditioner system and hot water heating system. This project carried out the hydraulic calculation of the air conditioning duct and the heating pipes, chose the indoor-outdoor set of the multi-connected air conditioner, fresh air system, heat recovery device, blower, air-flow organization, radiator and radiant floor heating pipes, drew the plan of air-conditioning system as well as system drawing, the plan of heating system as well as system drawing, smoke control system drawing and so on, wrote the design construction specification.
Also, according to the climatic characteristics of Beijing region，the main content of the cooperation is to consider the principle of priority to the winter design followed by the summer design and then based on the previous proposals, use the passive strategies such as adding sun room, enhancing ventilation and so on to make the energy-saving rate of 78.3% finally.
Lastly, the design of the personal focus is to use PHPP software for the calculation of the annual energy needs of the different architectural design program and, through research, mainly study the technical and economic comparison of building.
Key Words: Building climate design; HVAC design; Cooperative graduate project; Technical and economic analysis
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北京市居住建筑采暖空调系统设计——基于建筑气候设计原理工程设计实践
目 录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... II 引 言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 第一部分 .................................................................................................................................... 2 1 建筑概况 .............................................................................................................................. 3 2 设计原则及内容 .................................................................................................................. 5 3 设计计算参数 ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 室外空气计算参数 ................................................................................................... 6 3.2 室内设计参数 ........................................................................................................... 6 3.3 其他设计参数 ........................................................................................................... 6 4 冷负荷、热负荷及湿负荷计算 .......................................................................................... 7
4.1 夏季冷负荷计算 ....................................................................................................... 7 4.2 夏季湿负荷计算 ....................................................................................................... 9 4.3 冬季热负荷计算 ....................................................................................................... 9 4.4 计算结果分析 ......................................................................................................... 10
4.4.1 冷负荷结果分析 .......................................................................................... 10 4.4.2 热负荷结果分析 .......................................................................................... 14
5 系统方案选择 .................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 冷热源选择 ............................................................................................................. 16
5.1.1 冷源 .............................................................................................................. 16 5.1.2 热源 .............................................................................................................. 16 5.2 夏季系统方案选择 ................................................................................................. 16
5.2.1 多联机系统论证 .......................................................................................... 16 5.2.2 新风系统论证 .............................................................................................. 17 5.3 冬季系统方案选择 ................................................................................................. 17 6 空调系统设计 .................................................................................................................... 19
6.1 多联机系统设计 ..................................................................................................... 19
6.1.1 室内机初步选择 .......................................................................................... 19 6.1.2 多联机系统划分 .......................................................................................... 20 6.1.3 室外机型号初步选择 .................................................................................. 20 6.1.4 室内外机重新选择 ...................................................................................... 21
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北京市居住建筑采暖空调系统设计——基于建筑气候设计原理工程设计实践
6.1.5 多联机系统气流组织设计 .......................................................................... 23 6.2 热回收式新风系统设计 ......................................................................................... 23
6.2.1 热回收式新风系统工作原理 ...................................................................... 23 6.2.2 热回收装置选择 .......................................................................................... 24 6.2.3 新风机组选择 .............................................................................................. 24 6.2.4 新风系统风管的水力计算 .......................................................................... 24 6.2.5 新风系统送回风口的选择 .......................................................................... 25 6.3 风机的选择 ............................................................................................................. 26 6.4 空调系统冷凝水管道设计 ..................................................................................... 26 7 采暖系统设计 .................................................................................................................... 27
7.1 散热器采暖系统设计 ............................................................................................. 27
7.1.1 散热器选择 .................................................................................................. 27 7.1.2 散热器采暖系统水力计算 .......................................................................... 28 7.1.3 膨胀水箱的选择 .......................................................................................... 29 7.2 低温地板辐射采暖系统设计 ................................................................................. 29
7.2.1 地板辐射采暖加热管选择与布置 .............................................................. 29 7.2.2 地板辐射采暖系统水力计算 ...................................................................... 29
8 通风及防排烟系统设计 .................................................................................................... 30
8.1 防排烟系统设计 ..................................................................................................... 30 8.2 厨房及卫生间通风系统设计 ................................................................................. 30 第二部分 与建筑学院联合毕业设计 .................................................................................... 31 9 总体要求 ............................................................................................................................ 32 10 北京地区气候条件分析 .................................................................................................. 33 11 被动式策略分析 .............................................................................................................. 34 12 建筑学院同学方案设计过程及方案分析 ...................................................................... 36
12.1 联合毕业设计过程 ............................................................................................... 36 12.2 设计各方案比较 ................................................................................................... 37
12.2.1 原方案 ........................................................................................................ 37 12.2.2 方案一 ........................................................................................................ 38 12.2.3 方案二 ........................................................................................................ 40 12.2.4 方案三 ........................................................................................................ 42 12.3 结论 ....................................................................................................................... 42
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