before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的).Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers— those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I?d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It，s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 What do many researchers generally accept? 46.A) It is imperative to protect scientists? patents. B) Repositories are essential to scientific research. C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science. D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.
47.What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?
A) Opposed.
B) Ambiguous.
C) Liberal. D) Neutral.
48.According to the passage，what might hinder open data sharing? A) The fear of massive copying. B) The lack of a research culture.
C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.
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D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.
49.What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?
A) The ever-growing demand for big data. B) The advancement of digital technology. C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.
50.Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing_______. A) is becoming increasingly popular B) benefits sharers and users alike C) makes researchers successful D) saves both money and labor
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Macy?s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy?s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.
The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company?s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺）in cold-weather goods，” said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.
However, it?s clear that Macy?s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏 离）off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also pluns to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.
The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain?s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.
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D) The trend of social and economic development.
Macy?s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy?s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It?s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy?s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.
One relative bright spot for Macy?s during the holiday season was the online channel, where rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength
would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.? A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar. B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession. C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods. D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.
52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems? A) They can be solved with better management. B) They cannot be attributed to weather only. C) They are not as serious in its online stores. D) They call for increased investments.
53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to_______. A) cut the salary of senior executives B) relocate some of its chain stores C) adjust its promotion strategies D) reduce the size of its staff
54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?
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A) To experiment on its new business concept. B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing. C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.
55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season? A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores. B) Its retail sales exceeded those of T.J. Maxx.
C) It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide. D) It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。 这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
快速对答案
1 A 26 L 51 A 2 B 27 F 52 B 3 A 28 E 53 D 4 D 29 D 54 D 5 C 30 H 55 A 6 D 31 O 7 C 32 B 8 A 33 K 9 B 34 C 10 D 35 A 11 C 36 D 12 B 37 L 13 D 38 J 14 D 39 E 15 A 40 H 16 B 41 A 17 A 42 G 18 A 43 F 19 D 44 O 20 B 45 B 21 C 46 D 22 A 47 A 23 C 48 C 24 D 49 C 25 B 50 B
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2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）
Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college， write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.
A) Doing enjoyable work.
B) Earning a competitive salary.
C) Having friendly colleagues. D) Working for supportive bosses.
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