11. 系统设计范例 system design paradigm 12. 需求分析与定义 requirements analysis and definition
13. 探索式编程方法 exploratory programming approach 14. 系统文件编制 system documentation 15. 瀑布模型 waterfall model 16. 系统集成 system integration
17. 商用现成软件 commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software
18. 基于组件的软件工程 component-based software engineering (CBSE)
19. 软件维护工具 software maintenance tool 20. 软件复用 software reuse
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to
repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements
errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be
necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating
environment. This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s
environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software
changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental
changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality.
This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to
organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often
much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut
distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system to a new
environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features.
Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways.
Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件过程比较复 杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定
和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。 计算
机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能
实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能 够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设 计。
计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理
想 的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以
利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于 一些系统来说，需要的
是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能 更为有效。
Unit Five/Section B
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. entity 2. duration
3. data; process或process; data 4. implemented
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. check box 复选框，选择框，校验框 2. structured design 结构化设计
3. building block 积木块，构建模块，构件 4. database schema 数据库模式 5. radio button 单选（按）钮
6. 系统建模技术 system modeling technique 7. 模型驱动开发 model-driven development 8. 数据流程图 data flow diagram