考研阅读真题——栋哥出品
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? [A] Securing greater fame. [B] Providing more jobs. [C] Enhancing living standards. [D] Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________. [A] very precise in passing his judgement on advertising [B] interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information [D] obviously partial in his views on advertising 54. In the author's opinion, ________.
[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information [B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over [C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer [D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
Passage 2
There are two basic ways to see growth; one a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be indentified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language——all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we' re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart
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考研阅读真题——栋哥出品
enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
55. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when ________. [A] he has given up his smoking habit [B] he has made great efforts in his work [C] he is keen on learning anything new
[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
56. In the author's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would ________. [A] succeed in climbing up the social ladder
[B] judge his ability to grow from his own achievements [C] face difficulties and take up challenges [D] aim high and reach his goal each time
57. When the author says \ [A] a new approach to experiencing the world [B] a new way of taking risks
[C] a new method of perceiving ourselves [D] a new system of adaptation to change
58. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except ________. [A] curiosity about more chances [B] promptness in self-adaptation [C] open-mindedness to new experiences [D] avoidance of internal fears and doubts
Passage 3
In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move
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考研阅读真题——栋哥出品
away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed, \well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
59. The word \ [A] the lack of stable communities
[B] the breakdown of informal information channels [C] the increased mobility of families
[D] the growing number of people moving from place to place
60. The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that ________. [A] they have to learn new things consciously
[B] they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information [C] they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
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考研阅读真题——栋哥出品
[D] they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family 61. From the passage we can infer that ________.
[A] electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages [B] it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era [C] people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences [D] events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites 62. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________. [A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible [B] people should make the best use of the information accessible [C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information [D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Passage 4
Personality is to large extent inherent — A-type-parents usually bring about A type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: \ By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should
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考研阅读真题——栋哥出品
be encouraged.
63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________. [A] impatient [B] considerate [C] aggressive [D] agreeable
64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________. [A] the pressure is too great on the students [B] some students are bound to fail [C] failure rates are too high
[D] the results of examinations are doubtful
65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________. [A] candidates' sensitivity [B] academic achievements [C] competitive spirit [D] surer values 66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________. [A] the personality of a child is well established at birth
[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics [C] the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors [D] B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
Passage 5
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the
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