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56. If you want to make your story real and vivid, you should focus on “_______”
A. Backgrounds B. Practical exercises
C. Resources for research D. Writing the past and the present 57. The course is targeted at those who _________
A. are trying their best to work out ideal characters in a story B. are popular writers with several works completed C. write for famous magazines regularly D. lack enough persuasive writing skills
58. Which of the following is Not true according to “Details” ?
A. Only less than twenty people can be admitted into the course. B. The favourable price includes lunch and desserts. C. Those who book in advance can get a 15% discount D. The whole course lasts seven hours.
B
Money matters, no matter who or where you are. So when China?s currency the yuan was devalued (贬值) against the US dollar for three straight days in mid-August, the world felt the effects. As CNN put it: “If China sneezes, the world catches a cold.” Why does it matter so much?
The exchange rate is the term for the comparison of two currencies. It says how much one currency is worth in terms of (换算) the other.
“Exchange rates play an important role in a country?s level of trade. It is one of the most important determinants (决定因素) of a country?s relative level of economic health,” wrote Jason Van Bergen of Forbes.com. A higher currency makes a country?s exports more expensive and imports cheaper, and vice versa (反之亦然). Devaluation means the same amount of RMB can be exchanged for fewer USD. For example, on Aug 11, the exchange rate of RMB to USD was 6.23, which meant $1 was worth the same as 6.23 yuan. Two days later, the rate changed to 6.4, meaning the value of RMB had dropped by 2.7 percent. So what does a weaker currency mean for our lives?
It first affects those who want to travel to, or study in, the US. If your former classmate is leaving for a preparatory (预科) school in the US at the end of August, it now costs about 1,800 yuan more to exchange currency for 10,000 US dollars than it did earlier this month. However, since many currencies have decreased in value, the value of yuan is still relatively high despite the recent devaluation. This means it costs 1,200 yuan less to get 10,000 Canadian dollars now than it did in March.
Even if we don?t have plans to travel abroad, though, we could still be affected. For example, your mother will have to pay more if she buys directly from overseas websites with US dollars. And chances are that imported chocolate and potato chips will soon be a bit more expensive in your local supermarket.
However, the weaker yuan is good news for Chinese exporters. It makes Chinese exports less expensive and it could boost the overseas sales that have been among the main reasons for China?s economic growth during its rise over the past 30 years.
Just as Erik Britton of Fathom, a London-based economic consulting firm, told The Guardian: “We?re all going to feel it: we?ll feel it through commodities (商品), not just from China but from everywhere that has to compete with it; and we?ll feel it through wages.”
“The devalued yuan will force China?s Asian rivals (竞争对手), such as Indonesia and South Korea, to compete even harder,” wrote Heather Stewart, economics editor of The Guardian. “The result may be cheaper
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Christmas presents.”
59.According to the passage, it can be learned from the passage EXCEPT___________ A. The higher China?s currency is , the less expensive potato chips from America become.
B. In March people spent 1,200 yuan more to get 10,000 Canadian dollars than they do today because
Canadian dollars increased in value.
C. China?s currency?s devaluation against the US dollar in mid-August makes students studying in America
pay more school fees.
D. People who work in Fathom will be greatly affected on account of the weaker yuan. 60.The passage implies that ___________.
A. The yuan?s devaluation contributes a lot to China?s economic growth .
B.Exchange rates are the most important factor determining a country?s relative level of economic health C. The yuan?s devaluation has a great impact on all the countries in the world. D.Chinese exports sell well overseas because of their high quality
61.If the exchange rate of RMB to USD increased from 6.5 to 6.7, how much more percent would you pay when you bought a bag worth $100? A. 2.7 B. 5.4 C.20.0 D. 3.1
C
Concepts from science and nature are filled with our language?s common phrases , idioms and spoken expressions. The unbelieving expression “Well, I?ll be a monkey?s uncle” has its origin in bitter disbelief over Darwin?s writings on evolution. These colourful expressions bring spice(趣味) to our language.
Yet certain well-used phrases from science are just plain wrong! Some are obvious, yet we use them anyhow. For example, a person who acutely shakes her head and says “ A watched pot never boils” while you are waiting second after tiring second for test results to arrive or job offers to come in knows that if she sat down and watched a pot containing water on a stove over high heat for long enough, the water will eventually boil.
However, a few phrases have less obvious scientific inaccuracies. Here are a few for you to consider.
Once in a blue moon: This poetic phrase refers to something that occurs extremely rarely. A blue moon is the term commonly used for a second full moon that occasionally appears in a single month of our solar-based calendars. The problem with the phrase, however, is that blue moons are not so rare. They happen every few years at least, and can even happen within months of each other when the 29.5-day lunar cycle puts the full moon at the beginning of any month but February. The usage of “blue moon” as the second full moon in a month dates back to a 1937 Marine Farmer?s Almanac . But before that, blue moons meant something slightly different. Typically, 12 full moons occur from winter solstice to the next winter solstice, but occasionally a fourth full moon in a season could be observed . In such a case, one of the four full moons in that season was known as “blue”
Where there?s smoke, there?s fire: The phrase means that if something looks wrong, it likely is wrong. But let?s step back. Do you always have to have fire if you see smoke? Answering that first requires defining ?fire” , Merriam—Webster?s first definition of fire is “ the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame and heat”. Combustion is the chemical reaction that occurs when fuel is burned in the presence of oxygen---denying a fire any of these three things will stop the fire; attempting to start a fire without any one of the three things will be impossible. In complete combustion---what occurs when you light a gas stove--- the fire produces no smoke. However, when most materials are burned, they have incomplete combustion, which means that the fire isn?t able to completely burn all of the fuel . Smoke, then, can be considered to be a product of pyrolysis (高温分解) rather than of fire itself. You?re probably thinking---so what? To get the smoke, a fire needed to be present at some point, right? Not always.
Diamonds are forever: Thanks to the DeBeers slogan , decorating your honey?s neck, wrists and fingers with diamonds means true and timeless love. Of course, no object that you can hold in your hand can last forever. But
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diamonds have a special reason for being incapable of timelessness. Without the extreme pressures of the deep Earth where they formed, a diamond will slowly turn back into graphite(石墨), which is why the older a diamond is, the more inclusions it?s likely to have.
What common phrases push your buttons when viewed under the microscope of science? Are you curious about the hidden knowledge of some “ big” phrases ? Or perhaps you have the ability to uncover the secret of some unscientific phrases? Let us know!
62. According to the passage, the blue moon _________. A. appears at the beginning of a month B. gains its modern meaning before 1937 C. presents itself quite frequently sometimes D. can never be seen by people in February 63. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. the older a diamond is, the more valuable it?s likely to be. B. Fire is not necessarily causing smoke
C. Smoke is a product of complete combustion
D. the less obvious scientific inaccuracies of some phrases make them more useful 64. The underlined phrase “push your buttons” in the last paragraph means “_______”. A. impress you a lot B. frighten you much.
C. surprise you greatly D. make you lose your interest
65. The author?s attitude towards the scientific inaccuracies of the phrases is ________. A. indifferent B. objective C. critical D. favourable D
For some years the big drugmakers have been worrying about an approaching \—a fall in sales as the patents on their most popular pills expire or are struck down by legal challenges, with few new potential blockbusters to take their place. This week the patent on the best-selling drug in history expired—Lipitor, an anti-cholesterol pill which earned Pfizer nearly $11 billion in revenues last year.In all, pill like Lipitor with a combined $170 billion in annual sales will go off-patent by the end of 2015.
What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with \versions of Lipitor at perhaps one-fifth of its price.Patients and health-care payers should reap the benefit.Pfizer's revenues should suffer. The same story will be repeated many times, as other best-selling drugs march over the patent cliff
But generics makers may face delays getting their cheaper versions to market.Ranbaxy, a Japanese-owned drugmaker, struggled to get regulators' approval for its generic version of Lipitor, and only won it on the day the patent expired.More importantly, research-based drug firms are using a variety of tactics to make the patent cliff slope more gently. Jon Leibowitz, chairman of America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC), is concerned by drugmakers filing additional patents on their products to put off the day when their protection expires.
Another tactic(策略) is \would-be competitor to put off introducing its cheaper copy. In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such settlements. American and European regulators are looking into these deals. However, legal challenges against them have been delayed, and a bill to ban them is stuck in Congress.
To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheaper copies,
an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180-day exclusivity period,in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxy supposedly won with Lipitor.
However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole(空子) in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second, authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American firm.According to BernsteinResearch, under the deal between the two drugmakers Pfizer will receive about 70% of Watson's revenues from its approved copy of Lipitor.More
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unusual, Pfizer has cut the price of its original version, and will keep marketing it vigorously. So Ranbaxy faces not one, but two competitors.
All this may raise Pfizer's sales by nearly $500m in the last half of 2015 compared with what they would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenues then falling after the 180 days are over. Others fear that Pfizer's tactics , if copied, will make the 180-day exclusivity period worth far less, and thus discourage generic firms from challenging patents in the first place.
66.The underlined word “blockbusters” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______? A. pills that sell very well B. new patents to appear
C. drugmakers to compete with Pfizer D. challenges which Pfizer has to face 67.What is the tactic mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. Legal challenges against expired patents have been paid for putting off the cheaper copy. B. Bills to prohibit generic makers have been stuck in Congress.
C. Drugmakers try to spend money delaying filing additional patents on popular pills D. Patent-holders give possible competitors money to prevent more losses. 68. Pfizer exploit a loophole in the 1984 law mainly by ________. A.marketing Lipitor more actively B. making the price of Lipitor go up
C. cooperating with Watson to beat Ranbaxy
D. encouraging Watson to produce cheaper copies
69. How many tactics are adopted by patent-holders in the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Drugmakers? struggle B. Generic makers? dilemma
C. Laws concerning patent protection D. Popular pills of Pfizer
第II卷（两部分；共35分）
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Antibiotics, insulin, organ transplantation, HIV treatments and heart-bypass surgeries—it reads like an A to Z of medical progress. But the major progress has something in common: they were all developed and tested by using animals. Actually, animals are used for research in a variety of settings. Whether or not humans should use animals for testing purposes, however, is a controversial subject.
Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc, have resulted from tests performed on animals. Many advocators of animal testing support the practice for this reason, even if they do not support testing, cosmetics or other non-essential substances on animals. No one chooses to use animals where there in no need. In fact, animal research has contributed to 70 percent of Nobel prizes for physiology or medicine.
Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine and other substances with which humans have regular contact. Drugs, for example , may create significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals first gives researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed. While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply to humans. This, animal testing reduces harm to humans
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and saves lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans? overall quality of life.
However, a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing. Unfortunately, many of the substances used on animal subjects never receive approval for human use or consumption. Those who oppose animal testing consider this a very important point , because saving humans from suffering is no excuse for the death of laboratory animals. Opponents also argue that animals are dissimilar enough from humans to make the results of animals tests unreliable. Related criticism is that testing causes stress in animals, meaning that they do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid
Using animals as research subjects is also expensive because they require food, shelter, care and treatment in addition to the costs of experimental substances. Long-term or multi-stage tests can increase the costs of the practice as well. The actual price paid for animals is also worth considering. In this respect, researchers take on an additional burden. Title Introduction __72_______ about animal testing Should Humans Experiment on Animals? Many __71____ have been made on medical research by using animal testing People _73_____ up for ? New medicine and treatments can be it developed. ? Advancements in the field of medicine and _74_________ in humans? health can be made. ? Researchers can ___75_____patients the safety of new treatments and medicine. ? Scientists can collect research data in ____76_______ with humans? medical problem. ? Harm done to humans will be reduced to the __77____ and more lives will be saved. People opposing it ? The experiments may put many animals? lives at __78_______. ? Experiments may not _____79_____ produce reliable results because animals do not react normally under stress. ? Researchers will be ___80________ with the extra costs of animals and their care. 第五部分 书面表达 (共1题，满分25分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Right after the Second World War, Germany was in ruins. Almost all the houses, factories and schools were destroyed. Plenty of people were homeless as well as jobless. Worse still, the supply of water and electricity was often cut off in the city. Two American journalists interviewed a German family living in the basement. The husband was disabled from the war and the wife was just dismissed from a clothing company. Worse still, there
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