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3. ask to do sth. 请求做某事 Did she ask to leave a message? 她有没有提留口信？
4. ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
The teacher asks Danny to write the new word on the blackboard. 老师让丹尼把新单词写在黑板上。 To do what the teacher asks to be done. 做信中要求做的事。
With an empty stomach, I was starving and unable to play basketball with my classmates!
胃里空空的，我忍着饥饿，无法和同学们一起打篮球。
· 基本用法
“with+名词（+介词短语）”的短语在句中作伴随状语。如：
Our teacher always comes to the classroom with a book in her hand. 我们老师手里总是拿着一本书来到教室。 You can't speak with a full mouth. 嘴里满是东西的时候，不能说话。
Now I know how important it is for us teenagers to have our parents’ care and to be able to look after ourselves.
现在我知道对我们青少年而言有父母的照顾和自理能力是多么的重要。
· 基本用法
本句是how引导的宾语从句，在句中作I know的宾语。It is+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.表示“对某人而言 做某事怎么样”。如：
It is difficult for an old person to do such hard work. 对一个老年人而言做这个艰苦的工作是很困难的。
Three days later, when her parents returned, Lucy was very pleased to see them. 三天后，当她的父母回来时，露西非常高兴看见他们。
· 基本用法
这里是when引导的时间状语从句，be pleased to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”。如： When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我到达机场时，客人已经离开了。
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I am pleased to hear that you have passed your driving test. 听到你通过驾照考试，我很高兴。
As you get older, I think it is important not to depend on your parents for everything，but to learn to look after yourself.
当你慢慢长大，我想重要的是不要任何事都依靠父母，而是学着自己照顾自己。
· 基本用法
1. as在句中引导时间状语从句；as还可以引导原因状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和让步状语从 如：
As time went by, she became more and more beautiful. 时光流逝，她越来越漂亮了。（时间状语从句） As you are not feeling well, you may stay at home. 由于你不舒服，你就呆在家里吧。（原因状语从句） Do as I told you.
照我说的做。（方式状语从句）
They helped the old as much as possible. 他们尽可能地帮助老人。（比较状语从句） Tired as they were, they walked on.
尽管累了，他们仍然继续走。（让步状语从句） 2. It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.意为“做某事…”。如： It is easy (for me) to finish the task on time. 按时完成这项任务对我来说很容易。
3. depend on 意为“依赖；依靠；取决于；随 ... 而定”。如： Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。
4. not…but… 意为“不是…而是…”，当此结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于but后面的名词。如： Not he but they are athletes. 不是他而是他们才是运动员。
You should go to the airport and see them off. 你应该去机场送他们。
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· 基本用法
see sb. off意为“送某人”当宾语是代词时，要放在中间。如： Ann stands at the window and waves to see them off. 安站在窗口前并挥手送他们。
They are planning to fly to Paris for the holiday and are busy getting ready. 他们打算乘飞机去巴黎度假并且正忙着做准备。
· 基本用法
1. plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”。如： We are planning to visit London this summer. 我们打算今年夏天去伦敦旅行。
2. fly to 意为“飞往…；乘飞机去…”。如： I flew from London to Paris last Sunday. 我上个星期天从伦敦搭飞机去巴黎。
3. be busy doing意为“忙于做某事”，be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”。如： He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework. 他忙于做家庭作业。
It tells a story about a boy who is accidentally left alone at home. 它讲述的是一个男孩被意外留在家中的故事。
· 基本用法
1. 这句话中who is accidentally left alone at home修饰先行词a boy，关系代词who指人，在从句中作主语。如：
I need someone who can do the work quickly.我需要能够迅速完成这项工作的人。
2. tell a story about … 意为“讲述一个关于…的故事”，与tell相关的句型还有：tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb.
to do sth.让某人去做某事。如： I want you to tell me a story. 我想让你给我讲个故事。
My mother tells me to do my homework. 妈妈让我去做家庭作业。
But later on, he goes out and hears two bad men called Harry and Marv planning to steal from his house.
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但是过了一会，他出去的时候听到有两个叫Harry和Marv的坏人计划从他的房 间偷东西。
· 基本用法
这句话中called Harry and Marv作two bad men的定语；hear sb. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”， 强调作正在进行，而hear sb. do sth.则表示“听见某人做某事”，强调动作的全过程，一般已经完成。类似 的动词有：see, notice等。如： I hear someone laughing. 我听见有人笑。
Did you hear him go out? 你听到他出去了吗？
三、重点语法 让步状语从句
· 定义
让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管…”或“即使…”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。常用 的引导词有：though/although（尽管），even if/even though（即使）， no matter+who/what/where/when/how（无论谁/什么/什么地方/什么时间/怎样） who/what/where/when/how+-ever等引导。 · 用法
1. though/although的用法
though和although意义一样，都意为“虽然；即使”讲，表示让步，一般情况下可互换使用。但 although语气较强，多置于句首。though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可以出现but， 但可以用yet, still等。如：
The article is very important though/although it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。 2. even though/even if 的用法
这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使”。如：
She insisted on her own opinion even though/even if she was wrong. 即使她错了，她依然坚持她自己的观点。
We’ll make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。
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3. when/where/who/what/how/which+-ever的用法
“疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句时，可换成“no matter+疑问词”。如： Whatever/No matter what happens, he will help you. 无论发生什么，他都会帮你的。
Whenever/No matter when she comes, she brings a friend. 她不论什么时候来都要带一个朋友。
However/No matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天气有多冷，她总是去游泳。
Whoever/No matter who you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
结果状语从句
· 定义
结果状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作所导致结果的状语从句，引导词主要有：so that, so…that, such…that等。 · 用法
1. so …that … 与such … that…的用法区别： so..that结构为：so + 形容词或副词 + that + 从句
such..that 结构为：such + 形容词+a(an) + 单数可数名词 + that +从句 这两种句型往往可以互换。
My grandfather is so kind that everyone likes talking with him.
= My grandfather is such a kind person that everyone likes talking with him. 我爷爷心地善良，大家都喜欢和他聊天。 It is so cold that I have to wear warm clothes.
It is such cold weather that I have to wear warm clothes.) 天气如此的冷，以至于我不得不穿上暖和的衣服。
2. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替。
(1) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too…to转换。如： The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther. =The little girl was too tired to walk farther. 这个小女孩太累了，她不能再走路了。