Warm up：
一、Paragraph writing(Topic sentence + supporting sentences) Step one: Topic sentence 1. It is undeniable that …
2. It is generally accepted that … 3. It is universally acknowledged that … 4. It is suggested that … 5. It is noticed that …
Step two: Supporting sentences 1. Enumeration 列举
First of all, in the first place, first and foremost Besides, moreover, what is more Last but not least, finally, at last 2. Exemplification 举例
For instance, for example, to illustrate Another example is….
Take … for example Such as +n. / doing
3. Comparison & Contrast 对比对照
In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas (不同点对比) Likewise, similarly （相同点对照） 4. Explanation 解释说明
This is to say, …
To be more precise, … By this I mean …
5. Raising figures 列数字
As is reported / investigated / researched, + 主句
It is reported that + 从句
A recent research conducted by …Bureau reveals that… 6. Making concession 让步
Although / though / in spite of the fact that… + 逗号+主句 As is granted / admittedly, …+句号+ However, + sentence Opponents would argue that … +句号+ However, + sentence 二、表观点的句型 1. My opinion
1) Personally, I would prefer… 2) For my part, I would choose to… 3) To my mind, one should never… 4) As for me, this should not be… 5) To be frank, I would like to support…
6) After considering / pondering the issue, I shall…
7) After close inspection / examination, I would… 2. Two sides of an argument
Give the one side’s opinion, and then give other side’s opinion (my opinion)
Eg 1) People who hold an opinion of + n. / doing say that …
2) To some people, …
In contrast, others often contend that ...
3) On the one hand, some people hold the opinion that …
On the other hand, other people put forward the viewpoint that … Give one side’s opinion 1) Some people think that … 2) Although many people feel that … 3) It is claimed that … 4) Some people feel that …
Give other side’s opinion
1) While it is true that …., there are still be some people accepting the opposite opinion that … 2) It is undoubtedly true that … …However… 3) It is often argued that … However, it is
做题步骤：审题找出文章焦点→得出文章相应结构→Brainstorming 一、审题找出文章焦点
作文题目大致可分为两种（其他变形可以自己往这两种套）
Ⅰ.讨论型
① 询问观点类 Eg. What is your opinion? / To what extent do you agree or disagree?/ Do you believe that....?
② 讨论优缺点类 Eg. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of communication between countries and give your opinion. / Does this rend have more positive or negative effects on the society? / Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and the young people? Ⅱ.分析解决类 问题模式 ① Problems + solutions ②Reasons + solutions ③Causes + effects （涉及以上四种的都可以
视为分析解决类）
Eg. Drugs are becoming more and more common in many countries. What are some of the problems associated with drugs abuse, and what are some of the possible solutions? / Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it. 二、得出文章相应结构 Layout
⒈讨论型文章结构大致可以分为两大类
Ⅰ.单边论证：（仅选择问题的一个方面写，适用观点类，一般不推荐） Introduction: Background + topic + my opinion Body:
Reason 1: Topic sentence + supporting sentences Reason 2: Topic sentence + supporting sentences Reason 3: Topic sentence + supporting sentences ……….
Conclusion: restate my opinion
Ⅱ.双边论证（从问题的两方面写，适用于任何此类的题目，字数好凑，推荐使用^-^） Introduction: Background + topic + layout(布局)
Body:
opinion1: topic sentence(引出其中的一个观点)
+
Reason 1 + supporting sentences Reason 2 + supporting sentences Opinion2: topic sentence(引出其中的另一个观点)
+
Reason 1 + supporting sentences Reason 2 + supporting sentences
Conclusion: ①中立Both/ It depends….. →双边中立型
②倾向（倾向的那方面在正文写作中多写一点reason）→双边倾向型 ⒉分析解决型文章结构
Introduction: Background + topic + layout Body:
Problems/reasons: topic sentence
+
Problem/Reason 1 + supporting sentences Problem/Reason 2 + supporting sentences
一般250字左右写两个原因或问题就够了，多了很能论证不充分，如只问一方面（见PS）的，可以
把这块加到三条，下一块简写。
Solutions/effects: topic sentence
+
Solution/effects 1 + supporting sentences Solution/effects 2 + supporting sentences
Conclusion: 重申正文内容
PS：只问Problems/reasons或者Solutions/effects的，可以着重写题目要求的那个，简单提下另一方面。
三、Brainstorming
从多方面思考寻找支持我们文中观点的论据，集思广益，这个可以自己空闲时间练习的 主要用两种方法：
1. 十大论据原则：以吸烟的好处和坏处为例
经济原则：可以从钱和就业两个角度考虑（有利于提高烟草产业产值，增加就业率） 时间、空间原则eg. 浪费时间time-consuming
心理原则 eg. 缓解压力Relieve one’s pressure
生理原则 eg. 危害身体健康，容易得肺癌 Smoking does nothing but harms/hazardous to people’s health, thus giving rise to the growing/increasing incidence of lung cancer. 文化原则eg. 影响人际关系Interpersonal relationship
教育原则eg. 不利于schooling(学校教育) parenting(父母教育)，孩子会过早学习吸烟 环境原则eg. 造成空气污染air pollution
道德原则 eg. second hand smoking （二手烟危害别人，不道德）
科技原则
个人权利 eg：无烟区内吸烟侵犯到别人的权利
PS：有一些可能会有些牵强，只要选两三点重要写就可以，不需要都用上这个只是用于拓
展思维的。
2. 从与题目相关的各方利益出发拓展论据
如: Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it. 与工作压力有关的利益方可拓展到： Employee: purse the achievement in career
Employer: work time; offer some recreational activities Co-worker: competition; interpersonal relations Family: support family = breadwinner Society: fierce competition
Government: pension; reform the welfare system
Job: natural of particular vocations; for instance, in which any slip can result in great financial loss fore the workers as well as the institution demands extraordinary precision and care.
MODEL
Ⅰ.讨论型
1. Background
1)“with”状语从句
With the rapid/fast improvement in ??，（more and more??） With the growing awareness/concern of ??，（more and more??）
Eg. With the rapid improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected (建立) to set the people’s mind at east.
2）“近年来”叙述句型
Lately, (the problem of)……has been brought to popular attention/concern, (that…) ……has become the focus of public concern, (that…)
Eg. Lately, the problem of unemployment has been brought to popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter. 3）“one of ”强调句型
One of the universal issues we are faced with is that……
One of the universal issues that cause increasing concern is that……
Eg. One of the universal issues that cause growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile. 4）“It is”强调句型
It is quite common these days that….
It is undeniable that…has become the biggest concern of the present-day world. (当今社会：in the present-day society/ nowadays / in present)
Eg. It is undeniable that sexual equality has become the biggest concern of the present-day world.
2. Layout
1) In my opinion, ...has both advantages and disadvantages, which people should take into
consideration before making a decision.
2) As far as I am concerned, this course of action has both benefits and risks, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
3) However, a variety of potential problems, including…arise, which far outweigh the benefits
they bring to people.
4) In my opinion, more problems than benefits will surface with this trend. 3. Body 一二三原则 适用三点或以上
1） in the first place/first of all, in the second place, in the third place 2） to begin with/ to start with, furthermore/ in addition, finally 3） first and foremost, besides, last but not least 适用于两点的情况
1） on the one hand, on the other hand 2） for one thing, for another 4. Conclusion
1) Taking into account/consideration of all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion
that…… 2) For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that…… 3) From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that……
4) From the above analysis, it has to be admitted there are a few benefits in… Nevertheless, the
benefits are evidently reasonable when being compared with the more problems the practice might lead to. For this reason, I reclaim my conviction that…… Ⅱ.分析解决型 1. Introductions
1) Recently the… has been brought in to focus… Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. In this essay, I aim to explore this complicated phenomenon from diverse perspectives, identify the relevant contributing factors and bring up some effective measures.
2) As a matter of fact, …gives rise to a host of problems, such as… Confronted with such a thorny issue, people come up with a variety of constructive countermeasures. Personally, the following are worth recommendation….
3) When everyone is fully aware of the severity and take feasible measures, I firmly believe… 2. Conclusions
To sum up in conclusion in brief, on account of this, thus
1） To summarize, the causes of ...are multiple. I just point out some of them. But it…., …and…
work together to resolve …, the incident of …will fall immediately. 2） In conclusion, although the problems may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete
steps that can be taken to weaken it. 3） To sum up, if the problems cannot be combated, …
4） Consequently, I recommend that some measures be taken. / To solve the problem, some
measures should be taken.