英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5
8 He glanced about as if in search of something.
3) The infinitive vs. the -ing participle （注意斜体的部分保持斜体）
There are certain words in English that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund. The infinitive
Certain words are followed by an infinite verb with or without “to”. Use and Word Lists after certain expressions (without “to”) after certain verbs (without “to”) after certain verbs (with “to”) Example Why not go to the cinema? I can swim. He wants to swim. after certain verbs with interrogatives They don?t know how to swim. (infinitive constructions) after certain verbs with objects (without “to”) after certain verbs with objects (with “to”) after certain adjectives and their comparisons He made her swim. They wanted him to swim. It?s easier to swim downstream. after nouns deriving from the verbs mentioned We made a promise to swim. (derived from the above verb “to promise”) The -ing participle （注意制作时候保持斜体） Certain words are followed by an –ing form. Use and Word Lists after certain adjectives after certain prepositions after certain verbs Example He?s afraid of going by plane. Before going to bed he turned off the lights. I enjoy cooking. after certain verbs with prepositions I am looking forward to seeing you again. after certain nouns We had problems finding our way back home.
Words followed either by infinitive or –ing form （注意制作的时候保持斜体） Use and Word Lists same meaning Example I started to read. / I started reading. same meaning but different use She forbids us to talk. / She forbids talking. different meaning infinitive or present participle He stopped to smoke. / He stopped smoking. I saw him go up the stairs. / I saw him going up the stairs. V 1. After ________ (discuss) the matter for an hour, the committee adjourned without
__________ (have reached) any decision.
2. I distinctly remember ___________ (pay) him. I gave him $2.
3. ___________ (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than ____________ (sit) in the
office.
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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5
4. I tried ___________ (pacify) him but he refused ____________ (pacify) and went on
_______________ (grumble).
5. He made me _____________ (repeat) his instructions ___________ (make) sure that I
understood what I was _______ (do) after he had gone.
6. Do you feel like ________ (go) to a film or would you rather __________(stay) at home? 7. It is easy __________ (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is very
difficult __________ (avoid) __________ (hit) them.
8. I knew I wasn?t the first __________ (arrive), for I saw smoke _________(rise) from the
chimney.
9. You?ll never regret _________ (do) a kind action.
10. The car began __________ (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped __________ (see)
what it was. Keys:
1. discussing, having reached 2. paying
3. Lying, sitting
4. to pacify, to be pacified, grumbling 5. repeat, to make, to do 6. going, stay
7. to see, to avoid, hitting 8. to arrive, rising 9. doing
10. to make, to see
III. Translation
1．当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯。(feign)
Explanation: If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition, they try to make other people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true. Translation: Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do. Practice:
装病﹑ 装疯﹑ 佯作无知
feign illness, madness, ignorance
2 Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ. 3. 真理之光有时刺目，于是善意的谎话随处可见。 (ubiquitous)
Explanation: If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere.
Translation: Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous. Practice:
餐厅里吸烟的烟雾就没有地方躲得过去吗?
Is there no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in restaurants? 他可以看到那些无处不在的电视摄像机。 He could see the ubiquitous TV cameras.
4. 美国许多妇女声称她们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满。 (profess)
Explanation: If you profess to do or have something, you claim that you do it or have it, often
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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5
when you do not. (FORMAL)
Translation: Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens. Practice:
她自称对那事一无所知。
She professed total ignorance of the matter. 他声称对该阴谋毫不知情。
He professed that he knew nothing about the plot.
5 On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.
6. 你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断。(warp)
Explanation: Warp means causing sb./sth. to become biased, distorted or perverted.
Translation: You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment. Practice:
他受私心影响判断不确。
His judgment was warped by self-interest. 历史常为偏见所曲解。
Histories are often warped by bias.
7 Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind. 8. 他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他总是设法不去麻烦别人。(spare)
Explanation: If you spare someone an unpleasant experience, you prevent them from suffering it. Translation: He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble. Practice:
他没当她的面说她丈夫的不是，以免使她难堪。
He spared her embarrassment by not criticizing her husband in front of her.
IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills 1. Dictation
Childhood is less clear to me than to many people: / when it ended I turned my face away from it / for no reason that I know about, / certainly without the usual reason of unhappy memories. / For many years that worried me, / but then I discovered/ that the tales of former children are seldom to be trusted. / Some people supply too many past victories or pleasures / with which to comfort themselves, / and other people cling to pains, real and imagined, / to excuse what they have become. / I think I have always known about my memory. / I know when it is to be trusted/ and when some dream or fantasy entered on the life, / and the dream, the need of dream, / led to distortion of what happened.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
Honesty is not praised much these days. We pay it some lip (1) ________, of course, and we tell our children to be honest in their dealings and with their feelings. But many of us would (2) ________ have our children be shrewd than honest. We want them to learn how to be suspicious, how to protect themselves, and how to ward (3) ________ fast-talking people and nicely packaged, well-advertised distortions of reality. “Chumps,” as I once heard the term defined, (4) ________ “people who go out of their way to be taken (5) ________ of” — and we don?t want ourselves or
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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5
our children to be chumps. Therefore we hesitate to praise honesty too (6) ________, or to encourage it at the expense of common sense, or expediency or the pressures of practicality and the “real world.” Even experts in interpersonal (7) ________ tell us that too much honesty can destroy a relationship. Honesty now looks like a dubious virtue (8) ________ not an actual vice. It is studied and examined as a stratagem rather than (9) ________ a hallmark of character.
Despite our contemporary discomfort with too much honesty, the quality remains central to our (10) ________ codes and counsels. Deceptions subvert the moral life, and destroy the foundations of our social arrangements. Whatever basis for humane communion is to be found in (11) ________ principles of respect for persons or faith in God is eroded by our failures to treat each other as persons worthy of being told the (12) ________.
Keys:
1. service 2. rather 3. off 4. are 5. advantage 6. much 7. relations 8. if 9. as 10. moral 11. either 12. truth
Hints: (1) It?s a set collocation with the word lip. (2) It?s a set phrase with the word would. (3) It?s a set phrase with the word ward.
(4) Here the subject and object are both in plural form, so the link verb should also be in plural form.
(5) It?s a set phrase.
(6) An adverb is expected to modify the predicate.
(7) In this prepositional phrase a noun is missing, and we can get this noun from the context. (In the same sentence.)
(8) A conjunction is needed here.
(9) A same structure is needed after than.
(10) From the next sentence we can get this adjective which can be used to modify codes and counsels.
(11) This is a set collocation which contains the word or and implies a choice.
(12) A noun is expected and from the whole text we can get the meaning of this noun.
VI. Writing
Essay Writing: How to Write a Descriptive Essay
Descriptive essays strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this effect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions.
A good descriptive essay has to: ? ? ? ? ?
give a vivid perception of the subject of description, include all the smallest important possible details,
deliver the emotional background of the described subject, indicate the author?s emotional response caused by the subject, eliminate every single irrelevant detail,
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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5
? gradually reveal different aspects of the subject in each paragraph. Sample
The door to my study is nearly always closed. It's the place I go to read and work in tranquility. Today, however, I'm inviting you in for a visit.
As you open the door, notice the Guatemalan crucifix with its bright gold and maroon flowers; it joyfully reminds me to dedicate my work to God. Although the room is small, I hope you find it cozy. A big cheerful window lets in the morning sunshine, which saturates the room with its warmth and embraces us with light. Birds chirp outside, beckoning you to enter.
An old-fashioned doctor's desk with brass drawer handles sits in front of the window, its wood full of nicks from many careless moves and tow once-teething puppies. May I introduce you to Ralph, my friendly computer, who sits on top of the desk? When I turn him on, he'll crackle \on the screen. That's my dog Chico under the desk, snoring in harmony with Ralph and the birds.
Against the left wall are my book cases, sagging with the wise weight of cheap paperbacks and a few expensive gold-spined volumes interspersed. A bronzed Indian chief in a watercolor squints knowingly at us from the wall. Won't you have a seat in the tattered old green armchair nestled in the other corner? I know you smell the freshly perked coffee. I made it specially for your visit. Use my favorite cup there on the tray; it's the one with red and blued balloons around the rim.
Stay as long as you wish, but when you're ready to leave, be sure to close the door behind you. I like the peaceful security of this, my own little world.
Sample Analysis
? This is a simple, but vivid and beautiful essay. The message is very clear.
? It is notable that the description starts with the door and ends with the door, making the
whole essay a compact and consistent unity. ? The description goes on largely by an order of space.
? The writer firstly gives the visitor a general impression, or more exactly a mood, of the
study.
? In the paragraph that follows, the description turns to smaller and specific objects. ? Then, the observation goes sideways to the bookcases, the watercolor painting on the
wall, the armchair in the corner, and the cup on the tray. That is a natural order and movement of observation.
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