B) that other people don’t believe
C) told in order to avoid offending someone D) told in order to take advantage of someone 2. Research suggests that women _______. A) are better at telling less serious lies than men B) generally lie far more than men do C) often make promises they intend to break D) lie at parties more often than men do
3. Researchers find that when a person tell lies _______. A) his blood pressure increases measurably B) he looks very serious
C) he tends to make some small changes in his behaviour D) he uses his unconscious mind
4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they tell lie is that _______. A) they wish they were somewhere else
B) the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying C) they want to cover their mouths
D) they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies 5. Which of the following may best betray a liar? A) The touching of the tip of one’s nose. B) The changes of one’s behaviour. C)“The mouth cover”gesture.
D) The circumstances in which his lie is told.
Passage 5
Fighting Against Hunger
Hunger around the world can be reduced 50 percent by the end of the 1990s. That is the conclusion of scientists and others who met in Bellagio, Italy, several months ago. The people at the meeting were experts on hungers. They reported that at least five hundred million persons in the world suffer from hunger. They noted that several nations still have severe shortages of food.
But, the experts said, there is progress. For example, China and India have reduced hunger sharply in recent years, and studies have shown which methods work best at reducing hunger in other parts of the world. The experts meeting in Italy urged public officials and aid groups to take four steps to reduce hunger.
The first step is to end mass hunger of famine. They said neutral international organizations should protect civilian food supplies in areas at war. They also said nations should improve their methods of sending food to emergency locations.
The second step is to produce more food for the world’s poorest families. The best way is with more modern farming methods. The green revolution made it possible for India and other nations to greatly increase harvests, yet these farming methods are far from perfect. They do not work everywhere, and they can cause environmental damage. They also must create program that bring food directly to the very poor.
The third step is to protect mothers and young children against food shortages. The experts said mothers and young children suffer the most from hunger. Many lives can be saved by making sure they are the first to get assistance.
Finally, the experts urged efforts to overcome two serious medical problems linked to food shortages. The first is a lack of iodine. One hundred ninety million persons suffer from goiter (甲状腺肿) and other illnesses because they get too little iodine. The other problem is even more widespread. It is alack of vitamin A. Both iodine and vitamin A can be supplied.
The experts meeting in Bellagio, Italy, said taking these four steps would cut world hunger in half by the beginning of the next century.
1. The experts meeting in Italy urged public officials and aid groups to take _______ to reduce hunger. A) three steps B) five steps C) four steps D) a series of steps
2. The countries that have reduced hunger sharply in recent years include _______. A) Malaysia & India B) China & India
C) India & Singapore D) India & Thailand
3. According to the passage, the green revolution is a way to increase harvests _______. A) but it does not work everywhere B) and it works everywhere in the world C ) but it is money consuming D) and it works only in India
4. It is _______ who suffer the most, according to the report. A) mothers and children B) mothers and adults C) mothers and teenagers D) mothers and young children
5. The two serious medical problems linked to food shortages are _______. A) lack of iodine and vitamin A B) lack of vitamin C and iodine C) lack of iodine and vitamin D D) all of the above
Passage 6
Making Use of Waste
In an age when waste today means a lack tomorrow, making use of every available resource becomes more and more important. As coal is being used in greater and greater amounts to produce electricity, larger amounts of ash, by-products of coal, are produced. When coal is burned in a boiler, two kinds of ash by-products are produced: a heavy bottom ash and a fine-as-powder fly ash that is filtered and captured by precipitators. About 10 to 15 percent of the coal by-product is bottom ash which is used like sand on icy city streets and highways and also on highways as paving material. It is the fly ash, however, that is receiving the greater amount of attention. Fly ash may be used as an additive to concrete in the construction of dams, bricks, and roads, and can replace up to 20 percent of the cement used in concrete. As a by-product of burned coal, fly ash requires no additional expenditure of energy to be produced, where cement production requires
great amounts of energy.
In addition to using fly ash as a concrete, the technology is available to extract the main mineral components — aluminum, silicon, and magnetics. Today, extracting these components is a very expensive process, but the time may come when it is cheaper to extract these products from ash than to mine new supplies.
1. What can be used as a material to pave roads? A) The coal by-product. B) Additive.
C) Fine-as powder fly ash. D) Both B and C.
2. What is a by-product of burned coal? A) Aluminum, silicon, and magnetics. B) Paving material. C) Fly ash.
D) A concrete additive.
3. Fly ash can partly take the place of _______. A) paving material B) cement C)concrete
D) the coal by-product
4. According to the passage, what attracts man’s greater attention? A) Fly ash.
B) The construction of dams, bricks, and roads.
C) Extracting aluminum, silicon, and magnetics from ash. D) The available technology.
5. What can be extracted from fine-powder fly ash? A) Aluminum, silicon, and magnetics. B) Additive. C) Paving material. D) Cement.
Passage 7
Early Films
The earlier films were short, lasting only one minute or less. People could, for one cent, see simple action films of trains, fire engines, parades, crowds on city streets, and similar subjects. Soon 20-minute pictures of news items were being shown in theaters at the end of the regular stage show. Later, films used a new method (putting the beginning of one scene upon the end of the scene before) for magical effects and to tie a story together. In 1903 a film was made about a train robbery. Much of the action took place at the same time — the robbers escaping, the men meeting and planning to capture them — and the scenes moved smoothly, back and forth, from one scene to another instead of unnaturally showing each scene separately. This was the earliest successful film in which scenes were filmed at different places and times and then combined to make a logical story. A short time later, theaters showed for five cents a whole hour’s entertainment of short films — comedy, travel, and drama. These films were simple and rough, and many were vulgar. Gradually, the tastes of the audiences improved as the techniques improved.
Before 1910 actors were employed in films without their names being given, because the producers were afraid that, if an actor became well known, he might demand more money. But later it became known that a film with a popular actor in it could be sold at higher price to theater owners than could a film in which the actor was not known. Soon “movie stars”won fame wherever films were shown. By 1915 the most popular stars were earning as much as $2,000 a week, and large theaters were being built downtown in all the larger cities to show films alone. The films shown in those theaters were of several types: comedies, emphasizing speed, movement, and camera tricks; “westerns”, which showed, then as now, the American cowboy fighting on the side of law and justice; murder mysteries and crime stories, and special films on art, music, and other cultural subjects.
1. Pictures of parades shown in the first films went on for no more than _______. A) one minute B) 20 minutes C) 1 whole hour