Answer the Following Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
亚历山大?泰特勒的翻译三原则是什么？
严复的翻译代表作有哪些（至少答出三本）？ 文化有哪些特点？它与翻译有怎样的关系？
什么是直译，什么是意译？简述它们之间的关系。 什么是翻译？纽马克提出什么翻译方法？
Translate the following Sentences into Chinese.
1. All my hot words could not bring one tinge of color to those ivory cheeks or one gleam of emotion to those abstracted eyes.
虽然我的话全都很激烈，但却无法给那光润嫩白的脸颊上添加一点儿血色，也无法使那对痴呆呆的眼睛露出一丝一毫的神态。
2. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers and learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lose the benefits of rest.
人们曾一度认为夜间做梦干扰我们所需要的休息。后来，研究人员设法打断睡眠者的梦，结果他们获悉，这些人反而得不到有益的休息。
3. There was frost on the stubble fields, faint wood smoke in the air, mingled with the odors of ripe apples, drying corn shocks, crushed walnut hulls.
收割后的麦田已披上寒霜，周围飘散着淡淡的炊烟，夹杂着熟苹果、干玉米堆和碎胡桃壳的香味。
4. Left to herself, she would buy only the cheaper cuts of meat, and there was never enough food in the refrigerator. 如果完全由她自己作主，她买肉就只买便宜的，冰箱里的东西也总是不够的。 5. His income derived from illicit activities-bookmaking, gambling, shylocking(放高利贷), and questionable union activities.
他的经济收入来源于一些非法活动-赛马登记赌注、赌博、放高利贷和一些可疑的工会活动。
6. –They were not at all like the poetry women generally write, I thought them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine.
它们毫无通常所谓的脂粉气息，而是精炼、简洁、刚健、率真。
7. But he knew, too, that the boy---a young man now, though always \boy\to Helmer---had courage and skill and a great will to live.
但是他也知道，这孩子－－其实他已长大成人了，可在海默的心中仍是个孩子――有勇气，有本领，有强烈的求生欲。
8. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字，但不可能大批生产知识，因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验，经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
9. Two parties to the agreement pledge to implement it to the letter.
和约双方保证切实履行本协议。
10. Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement.
毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创造者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。
Translate the following Passages into Chinese.
1. In spite of the difficulties of predicting future trends in world trade, we can specify factors that will be important.
Although feeding the world's population will be a major problem, the world is probably not headed for disaster. First, the world's arable acreage can be expanded greatly. Second, the distribution of food and the yield of food per acre can be improved. Third, population growth can be controlled. Historical evidence shows that birth and death rates level off as countries move into the industrial stage.
If population growth continues at its present pace, the future balance between food demand and supply may become dependent on new dietary patterns. Reduced consumption of meat, increased use of new high-protein food made from soybeans, and development of ocean resources for food are some alternatives that must be considered.
Growth of trade will depend greatly on availability of energy sources. There may still be a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in the Middle East. But the oil crisis of 1974 has led to renewed interest in coal and to a search for alternative sources of energy. Solar, geothermal, and nuclear energy will play a large role in the years to come.
对世界贸易今后的发展进行预测是件难事，但我们还是可以把其中的一些重要因素给指出来。
养活全球的人将是一个很大的难题，不过大概还不至于因此而使世界走向灾难。第一，全世界的可耕地面积可以大大地增加。第二，粮食作物分布状况可以改善，每英亩土地的粮食产量可以提高。第三，人口增长可以加以控制。历史上的材料表明，一些国家进入工业高度发展的阶段以后，人口出生率和死亡率便会拉平。
世界人口如果仍以目前的速度继续增长，那么未来的粮食供求平衡就可能有赖于实行新的饮食模式。减少肉类消费，更多地食用大豆制的高蛋白食品，开发海洋的食品资源，都是必须予以考虑的解决办法。
贸易增长在很大程度上取决于能源的供应。中东可以开采的原油可能还有一万亿桶。但是1974年的石油危机使人们对煤再度产生了兴趣并且去寻找可供选择的其他能源。在今后的年代里，太阳能、地热能和核能将起到重大的作用。
2. The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I
think, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin. Not a star but might not shoot down and accept the invitation to become her lover. When all my fellow-passengers have finally dispersed to bed, I creep up again to the deserted deck and slip into the swimming pool and float, no longer what people believe me to be, a middle-aged journalist taking a holiday on an oceangoing liner, but a liberated being, bathed in mythological waters, an Endymion（恩底弥翁，月神） young and strong, with a god for his father and a vision of the world inspired from Olympus. All weight is lifted from my limbs; I am one with the night; I understand the meaning of pantheism. How my friends would laugh if they knew I had come to this! To have discarded, as I believe, all usual frailties, to have become incapable of envy, ambition, malice, the desire to score off my neighbor, to enjoy this purification even as I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of the water.
今夜一弯新月倒挂夜空，这是月亮在热带地区的常见姿态。我想，这种姿态对少女来说虽然不是那么优美，但也还是适宜的。有哪一颗星星不愿飞下来接受她的邀请做她的情人呢。待到同船的旅客终于三三两两地回舱就寝了，我又悄悄地爬上空荡荡的甲板，轻轻地滑人游泳池，漂浮在水面上。我不再是人们所认识的在远洋游轮上度假的中年记者了，而是一个沉浸在神潭里自由自在的人，一个年轻健壮的恩底弥翁，一位神之子，还有奥林匹斯山众神所赐的观察人世的慧眼。我的肢体轻盈，与黑夜融合在一起，我对泛神论的含义颇有所悟。倘若朋友们知道我发生了如此大的变化，一定会觉得好笑。我相信自己已经摆脱了凡人所有的弱点，变得不会嫉妒，没有野心和恶意，与世无争了。我在享受着暖风浴肤凉水浮体所产生的纯净快感，我享受到了内心的纯净之美。因此，我想，那些虔诚的人做完庄严的忏悔离开忏悔台时，一定感到心灵得到了净化。 。