Good morning, ladies and gentimen .Thank you very much for your participation in this presentation .Today’s presentation mainly deal with our text book ,lesson ten__The trial that rocked the world . First, let us have a look at the author John Scopes. This article is written by John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970). John Scopes (1900~1970) came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton. In that year of 1925, he violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. 约翰 斯各普斯(1900-1970)1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿镇中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。1925年他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控 The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine 。And after the famous trial ,he was offered his teaching job back but he declined . Some of the professors who had come to testify on his behalf arranged a scholarship for him at the University of Chicago so that he could pursue the study of science . Later he became a geologist for an oil company . ,以Scopes败诉结案并判处Scopes100美元的罚款审判结束后，斯各普斯放弃了教学并离开了代顿。他接受了芝加哥大学的一项奖学金，获得了地质学硕士学位，并在委内瑞拉作一个石油工程师。 Now comes to the background of the Trial: It all began when the state of Tennessee passed a law -the Butler law -making it a crime to teach evolution in public schools. 这一切源于《布特勒法》的颁布。Scopes was accused of teaching volution in public schools .Actually he even could not remember wether he had really taught Darwin's theory or not, but he admintted in court and also declaired that he would do too,in the future.虽然他记不清是否教授了进化论，但他在法庭说他讲了而且还会再讲 Actually scopes as well as the buttler law, were just symble of the conflict.the real conflict was the one between the two theories about how humanbeing’s been created.:__the Fundamentlism and the Evolutionism斯各普斯和那个《布特勒法》一样，只是一个象征。真正的原因是由于当时关于人类起源两种学说--原教旨主义，基要主义和达尔文进化学说之间的冲突。 The evolutionism thinks that all creatures are the results on nature’s selection.And they developed from low class to high class, from simple to complex. While the fundamentalism holds the idea that God had created everthing and whahtever Bibe said was true .Ironical in a totally literal meaning, that they thought the evlutionism means that man are developped from monkey. So the trial was also called Monkey Trial or Scopes Trial . 进化论认为所有的生物都是自然选择的结果。万物进化从低级到高级,从简单到复杂。而原教旨主义的理念,则认为拥有了神创造一切,圣经上说的都是真实的。可是讽刺的她们只是一味的推崇的只是些字面意思。他们认为进化论就是人是猴子变的。因此这个审判也被称为猴子审判或者Scopes审判. The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine. Later on ,Scopes said :“I’m guilty of violating unjustied law and I will keep teaching Darven’s theory in the future.” Scopes’s side lost the case but won the national fame. A film,called Inherit the Wind,was made from the trial ,with much of the diologue coming directly form transcripts of the court proceedings. The typical play had won 4 Oscar nomination。审判开始于1925年7月10日,以Scopes败诉结案后来,SCOPES说:“我认为我因为违反了不公正的章程被判有罪。在今后我将像以前一样继续教授进化论，用各种方法反对这不公正的法律。”Scopes 方打输了这场官司,却赢得了全国范围的声誉。在20世纪0年代，它被编成了百老汇戏剧《承受清风》（Inherit the Wind ,语出《圣经》：“扰害己家的，必承受清风。愚昧人必作慧心人的仆人。”），马上被视为经典之作。1960年被编成电影，获得四项奥斯卡提名。 ? Next， let’s move to the next part_The American justice system.The main system of American judical is the seperation of pawer into 3 major part_to let the three powers —legislative, executive, and judicial— to be respectively performed by the congress ,government and the court,achieving a mutual counterbalance. 三权分立制度是指把国家的立法、行政、司法三种权力，分别由议会、政府、法院独立行使并相互制衡的制度。三权分立制度是根据近代分权学说建立起来的，为大多数资本主义国家所采用的国家机关组织与活动的基本制度。 Here ,I’ve downed a picture from internet .It can give us visual understanding of American judical system structure.And 。。。（见PPT）We need to pay attention here that The federal court system and 52 State courts are at the same level They don’t control or predominanted by each other. 虽然联邦最高法院是全美国的最高法院，其决定对美国各级各
类法院均有约束力，但是联邦法院系统并不高于州法院系统，二者之间没有管辖或隶属关系。从一定意义上讲，美国的法院系统为“双轨制”，一边是联邦法院，一边是州法院，二者平行Below the supreme court there are US District Court美国地方法院, US Court of Appeal美国上诉法庭 and The Unite State Super Court和美国超级法院， the state court consists of one state court for each of the 50 states ,One for The district of Columbia and A Federal System. The Supreme court, The Supreme court is American’s
highest judicial body and is established by the American Constitution. It consists of the chief justice of the United States and 8 associate justices. All justices are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. Appointments are for life \during good behavior,\
or impeachment and conviction最高法院，由美国宪法规定，是国家的最高司法机构，对美国和八个副首席法官组成的法官。所有法官均由同意见和参议院