7) 不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。 8) Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。
9) 作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要
为被告辩护。 Ⅸ.
1) At that time metaphysics was rampant.
2) 2)I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute
3) You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.
4) The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years’
imprisonment.
5) Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though
racial segregation is against the law.
6) 6)I think we can reconcile the two views. 7) He seemed reconciled to the idea.
8) The spectators’ hearts went out to the defendant.
9) The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at
hand.
10) He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five. 11) The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract. X.
criminal, guilt, defendant, legal, defence, afford, at, prison, prepared||
trial, cross-examine, prosecution, witnesses, attend, compelled, court, counsel, right || jury, evidence, accused, verdict, innocence, unammous, majority|| appeal, tried, offence
XI. Omitted.
XII. Omitted.
Lesson Nine
idyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的
cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people’s motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的
obsess (v.) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)
frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)
tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行
prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者
starry-eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的 acid-tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的
cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人
navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的
attest ( n.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明
artery ( n.) :a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠
keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船
flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船
molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc.糖蜜，糖浆
cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人
cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙
feud ( n.) :a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和
lynch (v.) :[Am.]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死
phonographic ( adj.) :[Am.]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的
teem ( v.) :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现
flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人
hustler ( n.) :[Am.slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女
thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc.恶棍；暴徒；强盗 motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的
succumb ( v.) :①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死
epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc.(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行
flirt ( v.) :trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)
colossal ( adj.) :1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的 rebuff ( v.) :check or repulse挫败；阻止
broke (adj.) :[colloq.]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的
hone (v.) :sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨
scathing ( adj. ) : searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的 sluggish ( adj. ) :slow or slow—moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的 sloth ( n.) :a lazy person懒汉
astound ( v.) :bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊
tedious ( adj.) :long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的
travelogue ( n.) :a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座
Sultan ( n.) :a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)
debunk ( v.) :[Am.colloq.]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc.[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿
revere ( v.) :regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏 ingenuity ( n.) :the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc.机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙 juvenile ( adj.) :young and youthful年轻的；青年的
pariah ( n.) :any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者
puritanical ( adj.) :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的
panorama ( n.) :an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图
deplore ( v.) :be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾 sap ( v.) :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭 clamor ( n.) :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹
robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的
haunt ( v.) :appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住
pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎.
meningitis ( n.) :inflammation of the meninges.esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎
epileptic ( n.) :a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者
pad ( v.) :stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填
crater ( n.) :a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)
crumble ( v. ) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭
lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心
短语 (Expressions)
every bit: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地
例： He is every bit as mean as she is.他与她同样平庸。
in print: (of a book)available for sale from the publisher；(of a person’s work)printed in a book，efc.(指书)可买到，已出版
例： It was the first time he had seen his work in print.这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版。
soak up: to receive and absorb stll.接受并吸收
例： That child soaks up new facts like a sponge!那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的! succumb to: stop resisting；yield to，submit to屈服，屈从
例： Several children have measles，and the others are bound to SUCcumb to it.有几个孩子患了麻疹，其他孩子也必然会被传染。
flirt with: to deal playfully or superficiMly with不认真考虑、对待
例： I am flirting with the idea of getting a job.我胡思乱想着要去找份工作。 of sorts: (derogative)of a poor or inferior type(贬义)差劲的，劣等
例： It was a meal of sorts，but nobody enjoyed it.这勉强算是一顿饭，谁都没有吃好。
all over: what one would expect of the person specified正像所说的人一样 例： That sounds like my sister all over.听起来跟我姐姐一模一样。 in earnest: seriously，not jokingly严肃地，认真地
例： Both sides are deeply in earnest，with passions that approximate those of civil war。双方都很坚决认真，像是鼓足劲要打一场内战似的。
Answer to Excercises in the Text
I. Omitted. II.
1) a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind 2) Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then
introduce it to the world in his books or lectures.
3) In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.
4) With no money and a frashated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with
Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, ...
5) Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper
reporter and humorist.
6) and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other
states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment that’s typical of California 7) The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.
Ⅲ. Omitted. IV.
1)compound nouns
a) n. + n. : steamboat, pilothouse, keelboat, waterside, railroad, stagecoach, pickax, gold-fields, notebook, milestone, newspaper, bathtub, etc.
b) adj. (adv., prep. ) + n. : flatboat, hotbed, best-seller, rough-country, everything, downstream, etc.
c) gerund +n. : mining-camp 2)compound adjectives
a) adj. +n. (-ed) :starry-eyed, acid-tongued, etc. b) adv. +past participle: best-loved c) n. +present participle: energy-sapping d) v. +adv. :runaway V.
1)pessimist 2)civilized 3)dull 4)to accept 5)lazily 6)energetic, alert 7)to deny 8)small, tiny 9)interesting 10)cheerful VI.
river pilot, valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation, keelboat, flatboat, large raft, downstream, steamboat, steamboat deck, stream. Ⅶ.
1)tramp printer 2)river pilot 3)pen name 4)steamboat days 5)Mississippi River 6)delta country 7)cub pilot 8) pilothouse talk 9)medicine shows l0)waterside slums ll)steamboat decks 12)steamboat trade 13)river country 14)gold and silver fever 15)Virginia city 16)newspaper reporter 17) city government 18) Sacramento Valley 19) rough-country settlers 20) mining-camp meals 21) Calaveras County 22) pleasure cruise 23) United States citizens 24)California newspaper 25)art treasures 26) book version 27)boyhood adventures 28)stage play 29) town drunkard 30)raft flight 31)steamboat explosion 32)heart attack Ⅷ.
1) romantic意为浪漫的；sentimental意为伤感的或易感伤的；humorous意为幽
默的或风趣的；witty意为机智的或聪颖的。
2) cynic意为愤世嫉俗者；critic意为批评家或评论家。
3) lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。在
美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。