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东莞理工学院（本科）试卷A卷 2009 --2010 学年第二学期
《 语言学概论》课程考试
开课单位：外语系，考试形式：闭卷，允许带2B铅笔，黑色水笔 入场
题序 一 二 三 四 五 总 分 得分 评卷人
Part I Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for
illustration. (5%×4=20%) 1. duality 2. syllable 3. stem 4. IC analysis
Part II Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with
the letter given. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
5. I function is realized by mood and modality.
6. Halliday proposes a theory of metalingual functions of language, that is, language has i , interpersonal and textual functions.
7. Phonetics studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and
p _____ studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
8. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most
conveniently described in terms of place and m of articulation.
9. Endocentric constructions may be divided into two subtypes—s_____________ and coordinate constructions.
10. C ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.
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_____________ ________ 11. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called s ____ . It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.
12. R______ is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity, eg friend as in unfriendliness.
13. X buys something from Y” and “Y sells something to X” are in a relation of c_____________ antonymy.
14. A p________________ act refers to the act preformed by or as a result of saying, the effects on the hearer.
Part III Directions: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.
Write T for true and F for false.（1%×10=10%）
( ) 15.The phatic function refers to language function for establishing or maintaining
social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
( ) 16. Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is
forced through a narrow passage.
( ) 17. Phonology and grammar are infinite, tightly structured systems, the child does
not have to master them before puberty in order to be a native speaker of the language.
( ) 18. The word of “impossibility” contains three morphemes.
( ) 19. The words “boys” and “raise” have a common phoneme and a common
morpheme as well.
( ) 20. “Tulip”, “rose” and “violet” are all included in the notion of “flower”.
Therefore, they are superordinates of “flower”
( ) 21. The term Stream of consciousness writing was originally coined by the
philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind.
( ) 22. When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the
meaning is sometimes referred to as speaker?s meaning, or contextual meaning.
( ) 23. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it
refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.
( ) 24. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.
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Part IV Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one
of the four choices best completes the statement. (1%×30=30%)
25. A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative
26. The most important sociological use of language is the function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society.
A. performative B. interpersonal C. phatic D. metalingual
27. According to F. de Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system
shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language
28. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said
to be ______________.
A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic
29. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of
the speaker. This feature is called_________,
A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission
30. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson?s framework of language functions?
A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and information.
C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion with others.
31. Which of the following does not belong to the computational linguistics? A. machine translation B. corpus linguistics C. speech recognition D. empirical study
32. deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced. A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics
C. Segmental phonology D. Suprasegmental phonology
33．The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal
34. According to G. B. Shaw?s ridicule of English orthography, the non-existent word ghoti can be pronounced in the same way as _____.
A. goat B. hot C. fish D. foot
35．__________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D. /b/
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36. Which of the following is the correct description of [v]? A. voiced alveolar stop
B. voiced labiodental fricative
C. voiced palatal affricate D. voiced labiodental stop
37. The vowel is a low back vowel.
A. /i:/ B. /u/ C. /?/ D. /a:/
38. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____________.
A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features
39. The word UN is formed in the way of .
A. acronymy B. clipping C. initialism D. blending
40. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of .
A. phonology B. lexicon C. syntax D. semantics
41. “Wife”, which used to refer to any woman, stands for “a married woman” in modern English. This phenomenon is known as . A. semantic shift B. semantic broadening C. semantic elevation D. semantic narrowing
42. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
43. Which of the following are converse antonyms? __________ A. clever : stupid B. pass : fail
C. hit : miss D. parent : child
44. __________ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of
speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes
45. _____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the
linguists.
A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences
46. Which of the following is NOT ?garden path? sentences? A. The man who hunts ducks out on weekends.
B. The cotton clothing is usually made of grows in Mississippi.
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C. Fat people eat accumulates.
D. The horse that was raced past the fence fell.
47. “New elements are not to be inserted into a word even when there are several parts in
a word.” This is known as _____.
A. uninterruptibility B. stability C. extremity D. variability
48. ________ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence.
A. Syntagmatic relations B. Hypotactic relations C. Paradigmatic relations D. Paratactic relations
49. For structuralists, ________is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents.
A. coordinate construction B. subordinate construction C endocentric construction D. exocentric construction
50. Look at the following examples:
i) the man went to the theater ii) *man to the theater went the
It shows the importance of ______ in producing the acceptable utterance in a language. A. word order
B. substitutability
C. co-occurrence
D. constituents
51. deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.
A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense
52. Which of the following is NOT related to Noam Chomsky? A. Generative Grammar.
B. Functional Grammar.
C. Extended Standard Theory. D. The Minimalist Program.
53. ?Linguistic determinism? and ?linguistic relativity? have alternatively been used to refer to _____.
A. cross-cultural communication B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis C. anthropological linguistics D. ethnography of communication
54. _____ is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to. A. Connotative B. Affective C. Denotative D. Reflected
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