现在分词做定语和状语 一、现在分词作定语
现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作 1．现在分词作定语时的位置
（1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词断语用于它所修饰词的后面。例如： He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员 They live in a room facing the north。 他住在一个朝北的房间里。
（2）如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面例如：
Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚 全析提示
1、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系
现在分词又进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如：
There were no soldiers drilling.
= There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在操练 全析提示
having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语
2、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如： Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? 你认识正在被我们老是处罚的那个男孩吗? 二、 现在分词作状语
现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等例如：
Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view. 爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象 1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式例如： Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他
It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱，造成了很大损害 全析提示
分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。但是，有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制如： generally speaking, considering, judging from,
（2）现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。否则现在分词需用完成形式例如： Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.因为没收到他父亲的信，他决定打个电话给他父亲 思维拓展 【典型例题】
1. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was preparing 【答案】B 本题考察现在分词作伴随状语用法
【点拨】句子中的分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选B 2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A Not receiving B Receiving not C Not having received D Having not received 【答案】 C 考查分词用法。
【点拨】分词短语表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生，故用现在分词的完成时态。Not 要放在非谓语动词之前 3. “Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A angrily pointing B and point angrily C angrily pointed D and angrily pointing
[解析] 现在分词作伴随状语，分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选现在分词。 故答案为A
4. If you want a letter ____ , you must keep in mind several rules while ____. A written; written B well written; writing C well writing; writing D well written; write
[解析]第一个空为过去分词作定语，分词与他修饰的名次之间有被动关系，所以用过去分词。第二个空是while加现在分词作时间状语现在分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。故答案为B。 【实战演练】
1.(08天津卷) _______ their hats into the air ,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown 2.(08浙江卷)________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A.Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 3. He sat there _____, with his head on his hand.
A. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 4.The wolf spoke in a _____voice and Mr Dongguo felt_____.
A. frightened frightening B. frightened frightened C. frighten frightening D. frightening frightening 5. They set out _____for the _____.
A .searching ;losing B. searching; lost C. to search ;lost D. searched; losing 6.It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a _____baby.
A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 7.The boy sat there _____what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing C. not know D. not knowing
8.The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the international conference. A. to prepare B. prepared C. preparing D. was preparing 9.European football is played in 80 countries _____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
10.The _____Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____that he had enjoyed his stay here A. visiting; add B. visited ;adding C. visiting ;adding D. visited ;added 参考答案：1-5 CCBBB 6-10 CDCAC Module4unit4单元测试题 第一卷 选择题（105分）
第一部分 听力（共三节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍 1．What does the man mean? A. Bob doesn’t like study. B. Bob didn’t prepare earlier for the exam. C. He told Bob not to study too late. 2．What do we know about the man? A. He is overweight, too. B. He won’t give up smoking. C. He is suffering from a heart attack. 3．What is the man going to buy? A. Food. B. Drinks. C. Flowers. 4．What can we learn from the conversation? A. The man doesn’t like the dog. B. The woman likes the dog very much. C. The woman has lost her dog. 5．How much are the two tickets? A. 40 dollars. B. 50 dollars. C. 25 dollars.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What can we know from the conversation? A. The man will go to the seaside. B. The woman will travel around the world.
C. Tom wants to go to the seaside and enjoy the fresh air. 7．Why do they have to stay at home for their vacation? A. They haven’t much money. B. They have something important to do. C. They don’t want to go anywhere. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题
8．Which country may the woman NOT visit? A. Britain. B. America. C. Germany. 9．What will the woman do at the travel service? A. Pick up her passport. B. Get her plane ticket. C. Ask about the flight. 10．Why is the woman unwilling to give up her house? A. She has difficulty finding another. B. She has paid her rent in advance. C. She has no time to move house. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题 11．Which of the following is TRUE? A. The woman is the man’s wife. B. The man has been ill for some time.
C. The woman has brought some clothes for the man. 12．What does the woman bring for the man? A. Flowers and magazines. B. Flowers and candies. C. Magazines and candies.
13．What did the man suffer from according to the conversation? A. Toothache. B. Headache. C. Stomachache. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题 14．What season is it now? A. Summer. B. Autumn. C. Winter. 15．What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Guide and traveler. B. Driver and passenger. C. Assistant and customer.
16．What is the weather like in summer in San Francisco? A. It is warm. B. It is cool. C. It is hot. 17．What will the man do next? A. Play some light music. B. Drink some coffee to warm himself. C. Have a rest before going ahead. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题
18．What was the place the young flower lived in like? A. Green and rainy. B. Beautiful and warm. C. Wild and dry. 19．Who gave the young flower a second life? A. The sun. B. The hunter. C. The wind. 20．Why was the young flower so happy every day? A. She would see more of the world.
B. She would bring a little beauty to this world. C. She would look more beautiful.
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 单项填空 (共15小题, 满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
21. （09北京卷The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ___ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
22.- The sound of ________ train can be heard in the steel rail long before its being through the air. A. an arrived B. a leaving C.an approaching D. a crashed 23.It is _______ to rain because there are a lot of dark cloud in the sky.
A. possible B. likely C. probably D. sure 24. The thief turned his ______ to the policeman in order not to be recognized.
A.hand B. face C back D. head 25. (08 辽宁) He was writing a story, only _______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette
A .to stop B .stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
26. His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place _________. A. with ease B. at ease C. on ease D.with easement 27. The boy who was refused by the girl to whom he _________ didn’t ________. A. lose heart; lose heart B. lose heart, lose his heart C.lost his heart; lose heart D. lost his heart ; lose his heart
28. As soon as Eric sey his foot on this new strange land ,he began to look at everything there with _________. A. accuracy B.influence C. curiosity D.emergency 29. At the meeting, they discussed the best______ ____ the settlement of the problem.
A way; to B. means; of C. approach; to D. method; with 30 (08安徽卷)_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. . A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 31.He________ me by saying “Good morning”
A. introduced B, greeted C. met D.saw 32. Don’t be too ________ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. amusing B.curious C. conscious D. strange 33.It gives a _______ impression of being dead,but in fact it is still alive.
A true B.clear C.complex D. false
34.(09陕西卷）------My mother is preparing my favorite dishes .Go with me and have a taste ,okay? ----- .And I’ll be glad to meet your parents .
A I think so B I’d love to C I’m sure D I hope so 35. You must have _________ what I said because I didn’t expect you to do so.
A. misread B. misled C.misused D.misunderstood 第二节 完形填空 (共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A few days ago, I met a stranger in the street who stopped to ask me 36 ．I decided to tell him how to get to the destination，but to my surprise ，he coldly 37 my offer．I asked him why．Finally he told me he was 38 I would ask him for money if I 39 him in this way．
Money! I 40 deep into thought．Is it money that comes between us? Money has no 41 ，it cannot be 42 with good or bad． The problem 43 what attitude we have towards it． Nowadays，we have a more 44 material life than ever before,but we’re becoming more and more 45 Why? In my opinion，the 46 is the change in people’s personal 47 .They wrongly think that 48 money should be their only aim in life，so they 49 all kinds of ways they can to 50 this aim．
They are afraid of being 51 and fooled．If everyone thinks like this，52 will our society be like? Needless to say，money is becoming more and more important in our society， 53 it shouldn’t be the “be-all and end— all” of life．If a person only concentrates(全神贯注)on 54 ,he will be lonely and void(空虚)，and even make very serious mistakes．
It is up to us to make our lives happy，not money．We should try our best to help others 55 and freely．If everyone does so，our society will be better and better． 36. A. questions B. directions C. problems D.instructions 37. A. agreed B. accepted C. received D. refused 38. A. afraid B. pleased C. sorry D. curious 39. A. stopped B. helped C. asked D. explained 40. A. kept B. felt C. fell D. dropped 41. A. sense B. value C. life D. problem 42. A. connected B. judged C. joined D. appeared 43. A. lies in B. depends on C. 1eads to D. smooths in 44. A. powerful B. realistic C. plentiful D. healthy 45. A. ugly—looking B. stubborn C. cold—hearted D. warm-hearted 46. A. creature B. attitude C. man D. key 47. A. actions B. habits C. values D. fame 48. A. earning B. carrying C. spending D. taking 49. A. come up with B. pick out C. take away D.carry away 50. A. shoot B. recognize C. take D. realize 51 A. followed B. discovered C. approached D.cheated
52. A. what B. how C. that D. which 53. A. or B. if C. but D. and 54. A. society B. nature C. money D. life 55. A. whole-heartedly B. mainly C. obviously D. separately
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题，没小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 A
Life is not easy．
But it is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it．Then life is no longer difficult．
Most do not fully see this truth．Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy．It seems to them that difficulties represent(代表)a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families．their class．or even their nation．
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one．Problems , depending on their nature, cause us sadness，or loneliness or regret or anger or fear．These are uncomfortable feelings．often as painful as any kind of physical pain．And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy．
Yet，it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning．Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure．When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit．we encourage the human ability to solve problems，just as in school we set problems for our children to solve．It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn．As Benjamin Franklin said．“Those things that hurt , instruct．”It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems．
56.According to the passage, Why do we give school children difficult problems to solve ?______ A．teach them how to face the problems
B．teach them to face the pain of solving the problem C．help them learn to deal with pain D．inspire them to learn
57．The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to_____ A．remind readers
B．get readers’ attention C．make readers laugh D．save space
58．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that_______
A．most people complain about how hard their lives are B．most people are afraid of solving the problems C．the reasons why life is difficult D．most people feel life is easy
59．What can we conclude from the passage? A．everybody has problems
B．life is difficult because our problems bring us pain
C．we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life D．people like to complain about their problems 60．What does the underlined sentence suggest? A．Pain cannot be avoided
B．we do not learn when we are in pain C．pain teaches us important lessons D．we do not learn from experience B
Many young people tells me they want to be writers. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases these people are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.”
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune, there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded . When I left a 20-year job in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no hopes at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used typewriter and felt like a real writer.