练案[17]必修四 Unit 2 Working the land
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
(2018·河南省高三一轮复习诊断调研联考)
There's a revolution happening in the way that food is grown around the world.Vertical farming piles crops on top of one another in a climate controlled, indoor facility, and uses advanced technology to produce food in the most environmentally friendly way the world has ever seen.
At AeroFarms in Newark, New Jersey, crops are piled more than 30 feet high in a 30,000 square foot space.They use aeroponic(气雾栽培) technology, involving misting the roots of the plants, using an astonishing 95% less water than conventional farming methods.David Rosenberg, CEO of AeroFarms told Seeker, “Typically, in indoor growing, the roots sit in water.If we mist nutrition to the root structure, the roots have a better oxygenation(氧合作用) ．”
AeroFarms uses no pesticides.The plants are grown in a reusable cloth made from recycled plastic, so no soil is needed to grow them.They also use a system of specialized LED lighting instead of natural sunlight, reducing their energy footprint even further.“Many people say ‘Sunless? Wait.Plants need sun.’ Actually the plants don't need yellow spectrum(光谱) ．So we reduce our energy footprint by doing things like reducing certain types of spectrum to make it function as sunlight，” Rosenberg said.
Dickson Despommier, an ecologist from Columbia University, was one of the first advocates of vertical farming.In 1999, he proposed that vertical farming could help feed our ever－growing, overpopulated cities, while using less water than current farming methods and reducing the need to transport food long－distances.Despommier likely imagined his idea would be taking shape on a global level, just 18 years later.
There are now vertical farms in Canada, Panama, Britain, and throughout America.AeroFarms is currently building another vertical farm facility in an old steel factory that's larger than a football field.They expect it will grow up to 2 million pounds of greens every year.
Rosenberg believes that vertical farming is truly the way of the future.“It's a tough business, but it's one that'll stay with a bigger and bigger impact.”
文章大意：文章主要讲述了垂直农业的好处。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about？__D__ A．The development of farming. B．A great agricultural principle. C．The imagination of future agriculture. D．A brief introduction of vertical farming.
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解析：主旨大意题。通读第一段可知文章主要介绍了垂直农业的概念。所以D正确。 2．What is special about AeroFarms according to Rosenberg？__D__ A．It produces safe crops.
B．It plants more crops without water. C．It saves more energy and labor.
D．It uses misted nutrition for a better oxygenation.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“If we mist nutrition to the root structure, the roots have a better oxygenation(氧合作用) ．”可知气雾农业的特殊之处在于使用雾气弥漫营养来获取氧气。
3．What is the AeroFarm's specialized LED lighting like？__B__ A．It is almost dark. B．It is similar to sunlight. C．It is actually natural light. D．It adds some yellow spectrum.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段They also use a system of specialized LED lighting instead of natural sunlight以及So we reduce our energy footprint by doing things like reducing certain types of spectrum to make it function as sunlight.可知它雾气农业的LED灯的特殊之处在于它类似于太阳光。
4．What attitude does Rosenberg have to vertical farming's future？__B__ A．Skeptical. C．Critical.
B．Positive. D．Indifferent.
解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Rosenberg believes that vertical farming is truly the way of the future.“It's a tough business, but it's one that'll stay with a bigger and bigger impact.”可知Rosenberg对垂直农业持积极态度。
B
(2017·江西省红色七校第一次联考)
The next time you eat a piece of chocolate, be sure to enjoy it, because according to two of the world's largest chocolate makers—Mars Inc and Barry Callebaut, the treat may soon be in short supply.The problem? We are consuming the candy at a faster pace than farmers can grow cocoa.The manufacturers say that in 2013, people consumed 70,000 tons more cocoa than was produced.Experts say that this is the worst supply－demand imbalance they have experienced in more than 50 years.
Parts of the reason for the condition is the large reduction in supply, caused by a continuous drought in the west African countries of Ivory Coast and Ghana, where more than 70 percent of the world's cocoa is produced.Additionally, a certain disease known as frosty pod has destroyed 30
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to 40 percent of global cocoa production.As a result, many farmers have turned to more profitable and easier grown crops like corn.This means that even if conditions improve, cocoa production may never get back to normal.
Meanwhile, the world is only getting hungrier for chocolate.The biggest increase in demand is from the residents of emerging market countries like India.Though their consumption is nowhere close to the amount European devour, their newly acquired amount for the treat, is making a huge dent(凹痕) in an already tight market.
There is also the growing desire for dark chocolate, which contains more than 70 percent cocoa compared to normal chocolates.Experts believe that if consumption continue at this pace, cocoa deficits (差额) could swell to one million tons by 2020 and to an even more worrisome, two million tons, by 2030.
Not surprisingly, cocoa prices have risen by 60% since 2012, a cost that manufacturers have offset by raising the prices of everyone's favorite candy.As the situation worsens, the price of chocolate can only rise—so be sure to enjoy piece of the sweet treat, like it is your last!
文章大意：本文是一篇报道，介绍了现在世界范围内巧克力供不应求，并且未来巧克力的价格会持续增长。
5．The underlined phrase “supply－demand imbalance” probably means__A__. A．people consume more chocolate than production B．farmers grow more cocoa than people's demand C．more and more people like eating chocolates now D．chocolates are becoming more and more expensive
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“We are consuming the candy at a faster pace than farmers can grow cocoa.The manufacturers say that in 2013, people consumed 70,000 tons more cocoa than was produced.”可知，供求失衡指的就是人们消耗对巧克力的需求量大于其产量，故A项正确。
6．It is hard to raise cocoa production probably because__C__. A．the weather is changeable in the west Africa B．a certain disease spread around the world C．many farmers don't grow any longer D．it is impossible for conditions to be improved
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a result, many farmers have turned to more profitable and easier grown crops like corn.This means that even if conditions improve, cocoa production may never get back to normal.”可知，农民种利润更大并且更容易种植的农作物而不种可可使得增加可可的产量变得很困难，故C项正确。
7．Where has the demand of chocolate been increasing greatly according to the passage？__A__ 3
A．In Asia. C．In Europe.
B．In Africa. D．In America.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The biggest increase in demand is from the residents of emerging market countries like India.”可知，亚洲的印度对巧克力的需求量增长最大，故A项正确。
8．According to the author's prediction, we can know that__C__. A．chocolate will become cheap sooner or later B．the farmers will produce more cocoa in 2030 C．the price of chocolate will be going up all the way D．dark chocolate will be more popular than common one
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Not surprisingly, cocoa prices have risen by 60% since 2012, a cost that manufacturers have offset by raising the prices of everyone's favorite candy.As the situation worsens, the price of chocolate can only rise”可知，作者认为未来巧克力的价格会一路飙升，故C项正确。
Ⅱ．语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2017·河南省八市重点中学5月质检)
Over the past few years, organic products have increasingly found their way into consumers' shopping baskets.But what makes them choose organic over highly processed products?
There are reasons __1.for__ being organic and reasons against being organic.It is not __2.necessarily__ (necessary) an either－or decision.Rather, the decision __3.to_consume__ (consume) organic food or not is dependent on the economic, educational and social circumstances of the consumer.
According to many researchers, there is a connection between organic food and the __4.protection__ (protect) of the environment.Many consumers __5.who/that__ know about this connection take it as a motivation to go organic.To reduce their carbon footprint, many even rely only on local organic __6.products__ (product) ．
__7.However__， not every consumer actually knows and cares about the connection between the environment and organic food.That is，some consumers choose not to be organic because__8.they__ prefer sticking with their old habits.To them, one reason not to go organic is that organic food differs from the food they are used to.For some, organic food tastes different __9.compared__ (compare) with the food they normally consume.
And as organic products generally don't use preservatives(防腐剂) , they are __10.easier__ (easy) to go bad.Consumers who choose not to go organic therefore feel organic food doesn't bring them any benefits.
文章大意：随着人们的收入水平和生活质量的不断提高，越来越多的人开始关注以无公
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害、绿色、有机为标志的高端农产品，有机食品无论对环境还是健康来说都有益处。
解析：
1．命题立意：考查介词。
reason的后置定语常常使用介词for引导的介词短语，例如the reason for his being late他迟到的原因。故填for。
2．命题立意：考查副词。
根据句意以及语法应该用副词形式necessarily。故填necessarily。 3．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。
decision的后置定语涉及动作意义时常常用不定式形式，且此处表示主动意义，故应该用不定式的主动形式。故填to consume。
4．命题立意：考查词形转换。
此处带有后置定语of the environment，定语是修饰名词的，所以此处应该使用protect的名词形式protection。故填protection。
5．命题立意：考查定语从句。
此处指前面的many consumers，在后面的句子中作know的主语，故应该用表示人的关系代词who/that来引导定语从句。故填who/that。
6．命题立意：考查名词。
根据句意，此处表示很多人只吃当地产的有机产品，为复数意义，故应该用可数名词product的复数形式products。故填products。
7．命题立意：考查连词。
根据上下文可知，此处与上文所述的相反的事实，即有的人不吃有机食物，故应该用表示转折意义的副词。故填However。
8．命题立意：考查代词。
根据上下文，此处指的是前半句提到的some consumers，在句中作主语，故应该用人称代词they来指代。故填they。
9．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。
逻辑主语organic food与compare之间为被动关系，故应该用过去分词作比较状语。故填compared。
10．命题立意：考查形容词。
根据上下文句意，此处表示“(与那些非有机食品相比) 更容易变质”，表示比较意义，故应该用easy的比较级easier。故填easier。
Ⅲ．短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
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