前 言
本作业指导书在编制过程中，认真总结我公司公路公路建设的实践经验，学习和借鉴了《铁道部工法汇编》及其他先进施工经验，以公路客专质量验收标准为依据，重点对施工过程中的工艺、方法、措施和质量控制目标作出了要求，反映了桥梁工程施工过程中的重要工艺环节，为各项目的桥梁施工提供指导和参考资料，是我公司桥梁施工的参考性文件。
桥梁篇作业指导书共分6部分，主要内容包括：桥梁基础、桥梁墩台身及框构、桥梁支座及原位浇筑桥梁、桥梁预制及架设、特殊桥梁施工、桥梁附属设施等。
在本作业指导书汇编实施过程中，希望各单位结合工程实践，认真总结经验，积累资料，如发现需要修改放补充之处，请及时将意见和有关资料反馈给我们，供今后修订时参考。
本作业指导书主要起草人：陈永平、陈则章、陈红兵、胡汉忠、高晓玲、刘鹏、赵骏、丁博、王坤、张磊、江飞、王义、陈玉英、范勇、张根华、刘军科、徐文书、俞祖军、刘小野、郑宏伟、李耀华、杨永明、张旭东、唐达昆、施建、刘国雄、方明山、赛铁兵、王鹏、汪婧。
由于时间紧，章节多，编制难免存在疏漏，敬请批评指正，以便修订。
目 录
（一）桥梁基础 ·········································································································· 1
人工挖孔桩施工作业指导书 ·················································································· 1 冲击钻灌注桩作业指导书 ····················································································· 8 回旋钻灌注桩作业指导书 ···················································································· 18 旋挖钻灌注桩作业指导书 ···················································································· 28 钻孔桩常见事故的预防及处理 ·············································································· 37 沉入桩施工作业指导书 ······················································································· 43 承台施工作业指导书 ·························································································· 55 钢板桩围堰施工作业指导书 ················································································· 60 无支护基坑明挖施工作业指导书 ··········································································· 67 支撑法基坑明挖施工作业指导书 ··········································································· 74 大桥基础底节钢吊(套)箱制造作业指导书 ································································ 80 大桥钢吊(套)箱下水作业指导书 ············································································ 91 大桥基础钢套箱着床、下沉作业指导书 ································································ 100 封底施工作业指导书 ························································································ 108 （二）墩台身框架 ···································································································· 115
实体墩台作业指导书 ························································································ 115 空心墩台施工作业指导书 ·················································································· 120 高墩翻模作业指导书 ························································································ 125 桥墩滑模作业指导书 ························································································ 131 框架涵现浇施工作业指导书 ··············································································· 141 框构顶进作业指导书 ························································································ 145 （三）桥梁支座及原位浇筑梁 ····················································································· 152
简支箱梁支座安装作业指导书 ············································································ 152 移动模架制梁施工作业指导书 ············································································ 157 连续梁悬灌施工作业指导书 ··············································································· 169 支架现浇箱梁施工作业指导书 ············································································ 181 贝雷梁支架现浇箱梁施工作业指导书 ··································································· 189 碗扣式脚手架现浇箱梁施工作业指导书 ································································ 198 （四）桥梁预制架设 ································································································· 210
公路预制梁场方案设计作业指导书 ······································································ 210 预制混凝土简支T梁（角钢支架方案）作业指导书 ················································ 224 箱梁预制施工作业指导书 ·················································································· 239 跨座式PC梁预制作业指导书 ············································································· 277
公路T梁架设施工作业指导书············································································ 298 公路客运专线箱梁架设作业指导书 ······································································ 311 公路梁架设作业指导书 ····················································································· 340 城市轻轨PC梁架设作业指导书 ·········································································· 344 TJ165架桥机架设公路T梁作业指导书 ································································ 362 （五）特殊桥梁 ······································································································· 378
竖向转体桥转体系统施工作业指导书 ··································································· 378 斜腿刚构桥斜腿竖向转体作业指导书 ··································································· 384 斜拉桥索塔施工作业指导书 ··············································································· 389 斜拉桥拉索安装作业指导书 ··············································································· 398 钢箱系杆拱桥钢箱梁制安作业指导书 ··································································· 404 提篮拱拱肋安装指导书 ····················································································· 408 提篮拱桥吊杆安装作业指导书 ············································································ 415 大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥拱肋施工作业指导书 ·························································· 421 大跨度钢桁梁便桥的拼架顶推作业指导书 ····························································· 426 水平转体桥旋转系统施工作业指导书 ··································································· 434 水平转体桥转体施工作业指导书 ········································································· 439 劲性钢骨架转体施工作业指导书 ········································································· 443 钢管混凝土拱桥悬拼法作业指导书 ······································································ 450 悬拼法施工连续梁节段预制与安装作业指导书 ······················································· 455 空间预应力索桥锚碇及抗风锚碇施工作业指导书 ···················································· 462 自锚式悬索桥悬索安装施工作业指导书 ································································ 470 （六）桥梁附属 ······································································································· 475
防撞墙施工作业指导书 ····················································································· 475 桥面附属设施施工作业指导书 ············································································ 480 防水层施工作业指导书 ····················································································· 485 声屏障施工作业指导书 ····················································································· 490
222
（一）桥梁基础
人工挖孔桩施工作业指导书
1 适用范围
适用无地下水或有有少量地下水的土层和风化软质岩层的桩基施工作业。 2 作业准备
2.1 平整场地、清除杂物、夯打密实，修通弃土道路，接通水电，备好机、料具。
2.2 做好孔口防排水设施。桩位处地面应高出原地面50cm左右，场地四周开挖排水沟，防止地表水流入孔内。。
2.3施测墩台及孔位控制中线，做好护桩。护桩必须用砂浆或混凝土进行加固保护，以备开挖过程中对桩位进行检验。
2.4 对挖孔场进进行围护，防止土石等杂物滚入孔内。孔口附近堆放相具材料以不增加孔壁压力为宜。
2.5 人员、机械配备（劳动力组织采用内部队伍组织模式，施工人员要结合现场确定的施工方案、机械、人员组合、工期要求进行合理配置）见表1、表2。
表1 挖孔桩主要施工人员表
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 工种 施工负责人 技术负责人 炮工 模板工 钢筋工 电焊工 卷扬机工 混凝土工 杂工 安全员 人数 1 2 4 2 8 4 6 12 20 2 负责工作 对挖孔桩施工全面负责 技术指导、检查、施工记录 放炮施工 模板加工及支设 钢筋加工及安装 电焊施工 操作卷场机 混凝土的浇筑 挖孔开挖等 负责安全 表2 挖孔桩主要施工机械配备表
机械名称 卷扬机 凿岩机 抽水机 发电机 混凝土运输车 钢筋切割机、弯曲器
型号规格 数量（台） 6台 4台 若干 2台 2辆 2台 备注 212
机械名称 电焊机 振捣器 运输汽车 手推车 铁扒、铁锹 型号规格 数量（台） 4台 12台 2辆 若干 40把 备注 3 技术要求
3.1 挖孔施工应根据地质和水文地质情况，因地制宜选择孔壁支护方案报批，并应经过计算，确保施工安全并满足设计要求。
3.2由试验人员严格控制砼施工的配合比，严格进行原材料抽检、试件等检验工作。 4 施工工艺及流程
挖孔桩施工工艺流程见图1。
图1 挖孔桩施工工艺流程图
4.1施工准备（见作业准备）。 4.2 安设孔口护壁及提升设备
4.2.1孔口护壁可用钢护筒或混凝土护壁，高度根据地层情况确定，地面上外露20～30cm，应安设牢固。
4.2.2 安设提升设备前应对提升设备进行安检，确保安全性。 4.2 分段挖孔、施作护壁
222
基桩检测 浇筑桩身砼 搅拌运输砼 钢筋笼吊装入孔 成孔质量检验 合格 钢筋制作 分段挖孔、施作护壁 测量定位 施工准备 安设孔口护壁及提升设备 钢筋成型